Allergy
This named triad consists of asthma, chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps, and intolerance to aspirin and NSAIDs.
What is Samter's Triad? (Alt: AERD, Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease)
Before initiating this anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, screening for hepatitis B (HBsAg and anti-HBc) is mandatory due to the risk of fatal viral reactivation.
What is rituximab?
This antibiotic class is classically associated with drug-induced lupus
What are tetracyclines?
Bull's eye maculopathy — a toxic retinopathy from drug deposition — is the reason annual ophthalmology exams are recommended after 5 years of continuous use of this antimalarial drug used in lupus and RA.
What is hydroxychloroquine? (Alt: Plaquenil)
This Gram-negative rod causes hot tub folliculitis and is the classic agent of malignant otitis externa in older diabetics.
What is Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
This anti-IgE monoclonal antibody is added to a maximally dosed second-generation antihistamine as the third step in stepwise management of chronic spontaneous urticaria.
What is omalizumab? (Alt: Xolair)
Overexpressed in roughly 15–20% of breast cancers, this receptor is targeted by trastuzumab, which requires regular LVEF monitoring due to cardiotoxicity.
What is HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)?
This milky pleural effusion — caused by disruption of the thoracic duct and accumulation of chyle — is most commonly caused by blunt chest trauma or lymphoma.
What is chylothorax?
In axial ankylosing spondylitis refractory to NSAIDs and physical therapy, these drug classes are the preferred next steps per current guidelines. Name any one of these.
What are TNF inhibitors? (Also accept: IL-17 inhibitors and JAK inhibitors)
A rose gardener develops a chain of nodules ascending the lymphatics of the arm after a thorn puncture wound. The causative organism is this dimorphic fungus.
What is Sporothrix schenckii?
Per ACR guidelines, patients of Southeast Asian or African American descent should be screened for this HLA allele before starting allopurinol to prevent a severe hypersensitivity syndrome.
What is HLA-B*5801?
Hyperviscosity syndrome, an IgM monoclonal protein, and the MYD88 L265P mutation characterize this lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma.
What is Waldenström macroglobulinemia?
This treatable cause of dementia is diagnosed by clinical improvement after a large-volume lumbar puncture, which transiently relieves elevated intracranial pressure.
What is normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)?
Two SNRIs are FDA-approved for fibromyalgia. Name either one.
What is duloxetine (Cymbalta) OR milnacipran (Savella)?
This curved Gram-negative rod, typically acquired from undercooked poultry, is the most common infection preceding Guillain-Barré syndrome.
What is Campylobacter jejuni?
In bradykinin-mediated angioedema, this 1-gram IV antifibrinolytic agent is used as bridge therapy when epinephrine and antihistamines will not be effective.
What is tranexamic acid (TXA)?
A patient on ipilimumab develops fatigue, hyponatremia, hypotension, low ACTH, and low cortisol — pointing to this immune-related endocrinopathy.
What is immune-related hypophysitis (causing secondary adrenal insufficiency)?
A patient with a multinodular goiter who receives iodine-based IV contrast develops new-onset palpitations, tremors, heat intolerance, and weight loss due to this eponymous phenomenon.
What is the Jod-Basedow effect?
This inflammatory myopathy presents with insidious-onset BOTH proximal AND distal weakness in patients typically over 50 — and is characteristically refractory to immunosuppressive therapy.
What is inclusion body myositis (IBM)?
An intraerythrocytic parasite endemic to the northeastern United States produces a malaria-like illness with tetrad ('Maltese cross') forms on peripheral blood smear.
What is Babesia (babesiosis)?
This subcutaneous monoclonal antibody, dosed every 2–4 weeks, is used for long-term prophylaxis of hereditary angioedema attacks.
What is lanadelumab? (Alt: Takhzyro)
This myeloma staging system combines serum beta-2 microglobulin, albumin, and LDH with high-risk cytogenetics such as t(4;14) and del(17p).
What is the Revised International Staging System (R-ISS)?
Recurrent episodes of lip and tongue swelling without urticaria, unresponsive to epinephrine, with a low C4 and normal C1q, are consistent with this condition.
What is hereditary angioedema (HAE)?
In rapidly progressive diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis, this antibody — with an odds ratio of nearly 8 — is the strongest serologic predictor of scleroderma renal crisis.
What is anti-RNA polymerase III antibody?
This category A bioterrorism agent — a Gram-negative coccobacillus — causes ulceroglandular disease after rabbit or tick exposure and is notoriously hazardous to laboratory staff due to extreme infectivity.
What is Francisella tularensis (tularemia)?