Genes
BRCA1, CFTR, HBB are well-known examples of ____
What are genes?
Mendel's rule stating that two alleles for each gene separate so each gamete gets just one copy.
What is the Law of Segregation?
The fusion of a sperm cell and an egg cell to start a new organism.
What is fertilization?
The process when a diploid cell divides to produce identical cells that are also diploid.
What is mitosis?
What is mRNA?
A DNA control region, such as a promoter or enhance,r that turns a nearby gene on or off
What is a gene switch?
The two-step process in my meiosis cuts the chromosome number in half, turning one diploid parent into four haploid cells.
What is cell division?
____ are reunited during fertilization.
What are alleles of a gene?
What is G1?
mRNA is translate by a ____ to make a polypeptide chain/protein.
What is ribosome?
The process where cells with the same DNA activate only the genes needed for their specialized role.
What is gene differentiation?
The error in Meiosis is where chromosomes fail to separate properly, leaving gametes with extra or missing chromosomes.
What is nondisjunction?
Simple checkerboard diagrams used by scientists to predict how parents' alleles can combine in their offspring.
What are Punnett Squares?
The part in interphase where DNA replication occurs.
What is S?
ribosomes match up ____ amount of bases (codons) on the mRNA with the anticodon on the tRNA.
What is three?
A change in a DNA sequence that can alter or stop how a gene works.
What is a mutation?
It swaps equal DNA segments between paired chromosomes, creating new allele combinations and genetic variety.
What does crossing over during meiosis do?
When a sperm and an egg join, their haploid nuclei make this kind of cell with two full sets of chromosomes.
What is a diploid cell (zygote)?
The transcription and translation that occurs in G1 part of interphase.
What is Protein Synthesis?
tRNA delivers ____ to form polypeptide chains.
What is amino acid?
codes for a protein or functional RNA that contributes to the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s cells, tissues, and organs.
What is the function of a gene?
Sperm or egg cells that carry only one complete set of chromosomes.
What are haploid gametes?
When two separate eggs are each fertilized by different sperm, the siblings produced are called this type of twins.
What are fraternal twins?
Purpose of mitosis is to create new cells for replacing ___ or injured cells for growth
What is dead?
a linear sequence of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. It is the primary structure of a protein or part of a protein.
What is a polypeptide chain?