Causes of Industrialization
How did railroads accelerate industrial growth?
National markets.
How significant were the social consequences of rapid economic growth?
Highly significant.
Why did rapid economic growth lead to trusts and monopolies?
Integration methods.
What were the main aims of the Progressive Movement?
Reform and regulation.
How successful was the Progressive Movement in regulating business?
Moderately successful.
How did natural resources contribute to industrial growth?
Provided raw materials.
How did economic growth affect workers’ living and working conditions?
Long hours, low wages.
What was horizontal integration?
Buying competitors.
Why did Progressives support government regulation?
Control big business.
How did Theodore Roosevelt contribute to Progressivism?
Trust-busting.
What role did immigration play in industrialization?
Cheap labor supply.
Why did labor unions grow during this period?
Worker exploitation.
What was vertical integration?
Controlling production.
How did muckrakers support Progressive reforms?
Exposed corruption.
How did Woodrow Wilson advance Progressive reform?
Banking and antitrust reforms.
Why were new technologies important to industrial expansion?
Increased efficiency.
How did industrialization change American cities?
Rapid urbanization.
Why were monopolies seen as a problem?
Reduced competition.
What political reforms did Progressives promote?
Direct democracy.
Why did Progressivism decline after 1920?
War and conservatism.
Why was the late nineteenth century an age of rapid industrialization in the United States?
Resources, technology, labor, railroads, laissez-faire.
To what extent did economic growth benefit all Americans?
Unevenly.
How did laissez-faire policies affect big business?
Minimal regulation.
How popular was the Progressive Movement?
Middle-class support.
What were the limitations of Progressive reform for African Americans?
Racial inequality ignored.