Causes of Industrialization
Group of people provided a large, often unskilled, and cheap labor force for factories.
Immigrants
The first major national union, it accepted all workers into its membership regardless of race or gender.
Knights of Labor
Class that benefitted from higher wages becoming distinct from the working class.
Urban middle class.
Restricted Chinese immigration.
Chinese Exclusion Act
Railroad line that links the nation from coast to coast.
Transcontinental Railroad
Having sole control over an entire industry.
Monopoly
Form of protest against unfair wages or conditions that involves “walking out” of one’s work.
Strike
Led to overcrowding and tenements
Rapid urbanization
Created a merit based system for federal employees
Pendleton Civil Service Act
Had control over majority of the steel industry.
Andrew Carnegie
The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion.
Social Darwinism
Roughly translated from the French, it means "let it be," and is used to describe government policy that does not interfere with business.
Laissez-Faire
Because companies could justify paying them less, they often hired these people instead of men.
Women and Children
Authorized Congress to levy an income tax.
16th amendment
Controlled nearly all oil refinement in the U.S and became America’s first billionaire.
John D. Rockefeller
A type of business consolidation that involves buying out the supply chain in order to minimize production costs
Vertical Integration
Leader of the American Federation of Labor (AFL), his organization excluded unskilled workers and certain ethnic/racial groups from that union.
Samuel Gompers
Karl Marx said this group was oppressed by the industrial owners and middle class.
Proletariat
Strengthened the Sherman Act, exempting labor unions from antitrust prosecution.
Clayton Antitrust Act
Controlled a Railroad Empire known as “The Commodore”.
Cornelius Vanderbilt
What did the Enclosure movement do?
It pushed peasants away from rural farms to cities and made farms bigger to grow more food
Government actions aimed at breaking up large monopolies
Trust Busting
Economic phenomena during the gilded age marking a shift away from the subsistence economy.
Consumerism
Aimed to assimilate Native Americans by dividing tribal lands into individual plots.
Dawes Act
Powerful banker that would buy Carnegie Steel and reorganize railroads.
J.P Morgan