Asthma
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
What is a risk factor of asthma?
Hypersecretion of mucus, airway muscle constriction, and swelling of the bronchial membranes
What is the pathophysiology of asthma?
This hallmark finding of emphysema results from air trapping and hyperinflation, giving the chest a rounded appearance.
What is a barrel‑shaped chest?
This structural airway change—an increase in the number and size of mucus‑producing cells—contributes to chronic productive cough.
What is goblet cell hyperplasia?
Acidity or alkalinity
7.35-7.45
What is a normal pH?
•Severe dyspnea
•Chest tightness
•Anxiety, restlessness, stress, agitation
•Coughing
•Tachypnea
•Wheezing
•Mucus production
What are cues or signs and symptoms of asthma?
Anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator agents
What are the drug categories to asthma medical management?
This breathing pattern, often seen in emphysema, involves prolonged exhalation to prevent airway collapse.
What is pursed‑lip breathing?
This hallmark symptom—present for at least 3 months per year for 2 consecutive years—is required for diagnosis.
What is a chronic productive cough?
pH = 7.50
PaCO2 = 47
HCO3- = 32
What is metabolic acidosis partially compensated?
•Pulmonary function tests/Spirometry
What is the most reliable diagnostic test for asthma
Bronchodilators first then antiinflammatories
In what sequence do the nurse adminsters drugs for an asthma attack?
Clients with emphysema often appear thin because they burn extra calories doing this essential activity.
What is the increased work of breathing?
Along with emphysema, chronic bronchitis falls under this "umbrella" term for progressive lung diseases.
What is COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)?
•pH = 7.30
•PaCO2 = 50
•HCO3- = 30
what is respiratory acidosis partially compensated?
•Severe, life-threatening acute episode of airway obstruction that intensifies once it begins and often does not respond to usual therapy.
What is status asthmaticus?
Slow acting beta adrenergic agonist
What is SABA?
They take shorter, faster breaths, resulting in temporary redness on their cheeks and faces.
What are pink puffers?
Due to chronic cyanosis and edema, patients with chronic bronchitis are often nicknamed this.
What are "blue bloaters"?
•pH=7.44
•PaCO2=30
•HCO3=21
what is respiratory alkalosis, fully compensated?
Mast cells
What are the major activators of imflammation?
Long acting beta2 adrenergic agonist
What is LABA
This term describes the client’s tendency to sit leaning forward with arms braced on the knees to ease breathing.
What is the tripod position?
This is the most effective intervention to stop the progression of chronic bronchitis.
What is smoking cessation?
•pH=7.1
•PaCO2=40
•HCO3=18
What is uncompensated metabolic acidosis?