Mechanical Ventilation
Pressure at the end of exhalation to help keep alveoli open which allows more time/surface area for gas exchange.
What is PEEP (positive end expiratory pressure?
The first or earliest sign of ARDS.
What is tachypnea or dyspnea?
This condition occurs when air repeatedly enters the pleural space with inspiration, causing the pressure to rise.
What is tension pneumothorax?
pH 7.30, PaCo2 52 mmHg, HCo3 24 mEq/L
What is uncompensated respiratory acidosis?
This airway device is inserted through the mouth or nose and into the trachea.
What is an endotracheal tube?
Keep the head of the bed at this angle to prevent VAP.
What is 30-45 degrees?
This has been shown to improve oxygenation in the majority of patients with ARDS.
What is prone positioning?
This type of dressing is applied to a sucking chest wound.
What is a three-sided occlusive dressing?
Normal arterial pH range.
What is 7.35-7.45?
This device is used to deliver 24-44% oxygen at flow rates of 1-6 L/min.
What is a nasal cannula?
This equipment should always be available in the room of a mechanically ventilated patient.
What are an Ambu bag, oxygen source, and suction equipment?
Common causes of this condition include mechanical abnormality of the lungs or chest wall, defect in the respiratory control center of the brain, or impaired function of the respiratory muscles.
What is acute respiratory failure?
Inserted to drain air or fluid from the pleural space.
What is a chest tube?
pH 7.25, PaCO2 60 mmHg, HCO3 30 mEq/L
What is partially compensated respiratory acidosis?
This device delivers precise, constant delivery of humidified oxygen at rates from 24 to 50%.
What is a venturi mask?
This is a major complication associated with mechanical ventilation.
What is ventilator acquired pneumonia (VAP)?
In ARDS, fluid shifts into the interstitial spaces and alveoli and production of pulmonary surfactant decreases leading to these two conditions.
What are pulmonary edema and atelectasis?
Tracheal deviation is an indication of the presence of this life-threatening condition that interferes with blood return to the heart.
What is mediastinal shift?
pH 7.71, PaCO2 42 mmHg, HCO3 32 mEq/L
What is uncompensated metabolic alkalosis?
This device is used for short term delivery of oxygen levels of 60 to 90% at flow rates of 10-15 L/min.
What is a partial or non-rebreather mask?
The mechanically ventilated patient is at risk for these non-respiratory complications.
What are peptic ulcer disease and DVT?
A progressive pulmonary disorder characterized by noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and decreased lung compliance that develops within one week after some form of trauma to the lungs.
What is acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?
This action is taken if the chest tube becomes disconnected from the drainage chamber.
What is place end of chest tube in a container of sterile saline or sterile water?
Normal PaCO2, the amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in arterial blood.
What is 35-45 mmHg?
These therapies are noninvasive mechanical methods used to support ventilation through use of positive airway pressure through a tight fitting mask.
What are CPAP and BiPAP?