Dalton’s Law
What is Dalton’s Law?
the total pressure of a gas mixture = the sum of the partial pressures of each gas.
What is Boyle’s Law?
Boyle’s Law states that pressure and volume are inversely proportional when temperature is constant.
What is Charles’s Law?
Charles’s Law states that volume and temperature (in Kelvin) are directly proportional when pressure is constant.
What is Gay-Lussac’s Law?
It states that pressure and temperature (in Kelvin) are directly proportional when volume is constant.
What does Henry’s Law state?
The amount of gas that dissolves in a liquid is directly proportional to its partial pressure above the liquid.
How do partial pressures add up?
Add the fractional concentration of each gas × total pressure, then sum them all.
If volume halves, pressure does what?
Pressure doubles (P₁V₁ = P₂V₂).
If temperature doubles (in K), what happens to volume (pressure constant)?
Volume doubles.
If temperature increases, what happens to pressure (volume constant)?
Pressure increases proportionally.
How does pressure affect gas solubility in a liquid?
The amount of gas that dissolves in a liquid is directly proportional to its partial pressure above the liquid.
If you have oxygen at 100 kPa and nitrogen at 200 kPa, what is total pressure?
300 kPa (100 + 200).
A container at 2 L and 1 atm — compress to 0.5 L — what’s the pressure?
4 atm
A balloon at 300 K is 2 L — heated to 600 K — what volume?
4 L.
A gas at 1 atm and 300 K is heated to 600 K — what is its new pressure?
2 atm.
A soda bottle is sealed at 2 atm CO₂ — what happens to solubility if pressure drops?
Higher pressure increases solubility; lower pressure decreases it.
Why does Dalton’s Law apply only to ideal gases?
Because it assumes gases do not interact and each gas behaves independently.
What assumptions are made in Boyle’s Law?
Temperature is constant and gas behaves ideally.
Why must temperature be in Kelvin?
Kelvin ensures a true zero point and avoids negative or meaningless volumes.v
Why can’t you use Celsius in this law?
Because pressure is proportional to absolute temperature (Kelvin), not Celsius.
What is fluid dynamics? Define laminar vs turbulent flow.
Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Laminar flow is smooth, orderly movement in layers. Turbulent flow is chaotic, with eddies and mixing.
Describe a situation in real life where Dalton’s Law is useful.
Because it assumes gases do not interact and each gas behaves independently.
How does Boyle’s Law break down under very high pressures?
Gas molecules have volume and interact, so real gas behavior deviates from ideal predictions.
How does Charles’s Law relate to hot air balloons?
Heating the air increases its volume and decreases its density, making the balloon rise.
Real-life example where pressure increases as temperature rises in a fixed volume device.
Car tires after driving — they get hotter and the pressure rises.
How do Bernoulli’s principle and fluid dynamics apply in airplane wing lift?
Air moves faster over the top of the wing, lowering pressure above and creating lift.