Upper GI Disorders
Produces chest pain, coughing, dysphagia, and bloating after eating and aggravated by lying down
What is GERD?
Nausea and vomiting, fever, abdominal guarding, RLQ pain at McBurney's point
What is appendicitis?
Formation of stones in the gallbladder causing irritation and inflammation; often from E. coli
What is cholelithiasis (gallstones)?
Poor sanitation, contaminated water and shellfish are vehicles, and it's transmitted by the fecal-to-oral route
What is the Hepatitis A Virus (HAV)?
A flexible endoscope used to directly view the lining of the colon, polyps can be removed, and biopsies taken
What is a colonoscopy?
Causes inflammation of the stomach and small intestine due to contaminated food or water
What is gastroenteritis?
A mechanical or non-mechanical disruption in the movement of bowel contents
What is an intestinal obstruction?
Gallstones in the gallbladder OR biliary duct that obstruct bile flow
What is cholecystitis?
Contact with contaminated needles, sexual contact with the carrier, and transmitted by contact with blood and bodily fluids
What is the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)?
What is a guaiac fecal occult blood test?
A lower esophagus and stomach protrusion extending into the thoracic cavity as a result of a defect in the diaphragm wall
What is a hiatal hernia?
Peritoneal lining rupture causing nausea and vomiting, severe abdominal pain and distention; often fatal if not treated promptly
What is peritonitis?
Acute epigastrium abdominal pain OR LUQ radiating to the back and flank; caused by gallstones that block the pancreatic common duct
What is acute pancreatitis?
Transmitted through sexual contact, blood and bodily fluids, and transfers perinatally from mother to infant
What is the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)?
Detects antibodies of this bacterium in the stomach
What is a Helicobacter pylori antibody test?
Presents with swelling of the oral mucosa, severe halitosis, canker sores, and sometimes fever
What is stomatitis?
Affected portion of the bowel showing a "cobblestone appearance" on an X-ray
What is IBD- Crohn's Disease
A through E virus that obstructs bile and blood flow and creates scar tissue and eventual tissue necrosis
What is hepatitis?
Transmitted by the fecal-to-oral route and fecal contaminated water in less developed countries
What is the Hepatitis E Virus (HEV)?
A waste product of the liver that, in a high serum level, causes systemic encephalopathy
What is ammonia?
Two upper GI disorders that result from H. pylori
What are gastritis and peptic ulcer?
A hypersensitivity of the bowel that slows down and speeds up GI motility
What is IBS- Constipation and Diarrhea?
Ruptured and bleeding esophageal veins produce hematemesis resulting in portal congestion and hypertension; a cirrhosis complication
What is esophageal varicies?
Transmitted through blood and bodily fluids and accompanies Hepatitis B
What is the Hepatitis D Virus (HDV)?
A procedure that uses a needle to remove fluid that has accumulated in the abdomen
What is a paracentesis?