Gamete Formation
This type of cell division produces gametes, reducing the chromosome number by half.
What is Meiosis?
The phenotype of a heterozygous individual is a blend of the two homozygous phenotypes.
What is incomplete dominance?
The genotype of an individual who is heterozygous for both traits (A and B)
What is AaBb?
This term describes the variety of genetic traits present in a population
What is genetic diversity?
The only way that a new allele is introduced into a population.
What is a mutation?
Genetic material is exchanged between each pair of these.
What are homologous chromosomes?
In a cross between a red flower (RR) and a white flower (WW), the resulting offspring (RW) show this intermediate colour.
What is pink?
This tool is often used to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring in a dihybrid cross
What is a Punnett Square?
This process, which involves random changes in allele frequencies
What is genetic drift?
The reduction in genetic variation that results when a small subset of a large population is used to establish a new colony.
What is the Founder Effect?
Homologous chromosomes ranomly line up at the centre of the cell
What is Independent Assortment?
In a cross between a red flower (RR) and a white flower (WW), the resulting offspring (RW) show patches of red and patches of white.
What is co-dominance?
The expected phenotypic ratio of offspring from a dihybrid cross between two heterozygotes is this.
What is 9:3:3:1!
This term refers to the proportion of a specific allele among all allele copies in a population.
What is allele frequency?
This mechanism of evolution acts on phenotypic variation within a population, favoring traits that enhance survival and reproduction
What is evolution?
This term describes the physical exchange of segments between non-sister chromatids during meiosis
What is crossing over?
Both alleles of a gene are dominant?
What is co-dominance?
The gametes for a parent who is heterozygous for both traits (A and B)
What are AB, Ab, aB, bb?
Individuals move between populations.
What is Gene Flow (or migration)?
This term describes the relative success of an individual in passing its genes to the next generation.
What is fitness?
A combination of these create genetic variation
What are crossing over, independent assortment and segregation?
The expected phenotype ratio for incomplete dominance
What is 1:2:1?
In a classic dihybrid cross, the offspring are often referred to as this generation.
What is F2?
A significant reduction in population size leads to a loss of genetic diversity due to various events such as natural disasters, habitat destruction, or human activities.
What is the Bottleneck Effect?
This term refers to external factors that affect an organism's ability to survive and reproduce
What is selection pressure?