Analysis
This popular platform allows end-to-end microbiome data analysis, including preprocessing, classification, and diversity analysis
What is QIIME?
What are (b)additives?
This is the process by which bacteria acquire resistance genes from other bacteria via plasmids
What is horizontal gene transfer?
This technique allows barcoding of multiple samples for sequencing in a single run
What is multiplexing?
The body’s immune response to harmful stimuli e.g., pathogens, damage, or other irritants
What is inflammation?
This is the diversity of species within a single sample, measuring the number and relative abundance of different microbes present
What is alpha diversity?
These are added to plastics to make them soft, strong and flexible. Also used as fixatives for fragrances in personal care products. Can act as carcinogens, endocrine disruptors, and neurotoxicants, at the same time.
What are phtalates?
Meaningfully contributes to the growth of antibiotic resistance.
What is animal farming?
What is unnecessary use of antibiotics in a clinical or hospital setting?
This NGS term refers to the number of times a base is read during sequencing
What is coverage or depth?
These are immunodeficient animals that have been transplanted with human cells/ tissues, or organs.
What are humanized animal models?
This type of sequencing captures all DNA in a sample, allowing analysis of genes, functions, and microorganisms
What is shotgun metagenomics?
This interdisciplinary approach recognizes that "Human, animal, and environmental health are interconnected and disruptions in one can affect the others"
What is the 'One health' framework?
Personal care products that can commonly contain antimicrobials
What is tooth paste?
What is soap?
This technology is most commonly used to identify and quantify proteins and metabolites
What is mass spec?
These help recognize microbe associated molecular patterns (MAMPs)
What are PRRs (ike TLRs and NLs)?
This diversity metric compares microbial community composition between samples
What is beta diversity?
As pollutants move through food webs, they become more concentrated as one species feeds from another.
What is biomagnification?
This would become impossible if we lost our ability to treat infections due to AMR
What are (a) routine surgeries, (b) cancer chemotherapy regimens, (c) organ transplant procedures ?
These short regions within the 16S gene vary across bacterial species and aid in classification
What are hypervariable regions?
This allow for assessment of the contamination background (blank swab, extraction, or library)
What is negative control?
This distance-based beta diversity metric accounts for phylogenetic relationships between taxa
What is UniFrac?
Diverse family of synthetic chemicals (>9000 substances) used to repel dirt, food residues, water, or greasy stains. Commonly known as "forever chemicals".
What are PFAS? (Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances)
This scientist led the first prospective farm study showing that feed containing low dose antibiotics led to the emergence of antibiotic resistance in both animals and the farm family, without contact.
Who is Stuart Levy?
This is the term for combining genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics data
What is multi-omics integration?
These are produced from microbial fermentation of complex carbs
What are SCFAs?