Ecology Basics
This level of organization consists of all members of one species living in the same area.
Population
This cycle involves evaporation, condensation, and precipitation.
Water Cycle
Growth that forms a J-shaped curve is called this.
Exponential growth
Growing one crop over a large area is called this.
Monoculture
The number of species present in an area is called this.
Species richness
Garrett Hardin's idea that shared resources are often overused is called this.
Tragedy of the Commons
A group of interacting populations living together in an area is called this.
Community
Plants remove this gas from the atmosphere during photosynthesis.
Carbon Dioxide
Growth that levels off at carrying capacity forms this curve.
Logistic growth
Growing multiple crops together is called this.
Polyculture
Differences in DNA among individuals within a species are called this.
Genetic Diversity
When market prices fail to include environmental costs, this occurs.
Market failure
This includes both the living and nonliving components of an area.
Ecosystem
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into this usable form.
Ammonia/Ammonium
The average number of children born to a woman is called this.
Total Fertility Rate
The dramatic increase in crop yields during the mid-20th century is called this.
Green Revolution
Breaking large habitats into smaller isolated patches is called this.
Habitat Fragmentation
Benefits provided by ecosystems, such as pollination and water purification, are called these.
Ecosystem Services
The variety of life found in an area is known as this.
Biodiversity
This nutrient cycle does not have a significant atmospheric component.
Phosphorus Cycle
A country with low birth rates and low death rates is generally in this stage of demographic transition.
Stage 4
Soil accumulation of salts caused by irrigation is known as this.
Salinization
Areas of land connecting isolated habitats are called these.
Wildlife Corridors
Meeting present needs without compromising future generations is called this.
Sustainability
This species has a disproportionately large effect on its ecosystem compared to its abundance.
Keystone Species
Excess nitrogen and phosphorus can cause this process in lakes.
Eutrophication
Replacement fertility is approximately this number of children per woman.
2.1
The removal of topsoil by wind or water is called this.
Soil erosion
Cutting all trees from an area at once is known as this.
Clear-cutting
Environmental, social, and economic goals together make up this.
Triple bottom line
Competition between members of different species is called this.
Interspecific Competition
The conversion of nitrates back into atmospheric nitrogen gas is called this.
Denitrification
This model states that environmental impact depends on population, affluence, and technology.
IPAT model
Using predators or parasites to control pests is called this.
Biological Control
Removing only certain trees while leaving others behind is called this.
Selective Logging
Policies requiring utilities to purchase renewable electricity from citizens are called these.
Feed-in Tariffs
In this type of symbiosis, both organisms benefit.
Mutualism
Organisms that convert nitrogen gas into usable compounds perform this process.
Nitrogen Fixation
High infant mortality generally results in this effect on fertility rates.
Higher Fertility Rates
Crops whose DNA has been altered are known as these.
Genetically Modified Organisms
Planting trees to restore a forest is known as this.
Reforestation
A system that limits emissions and allows trading of permits is called this.
Cap and Trade
The gradual replacement of one community by another over time is called this.
Ecological Succession
These are locations where elements are stored within a cycle.
Reservoirs
Countries with broad-based population pyramids typically have this type of growth.
Rapid Population Growth
Farming without synthetic pesticides or fertilizers is called this.
Organic Agriculture
Forests that have never been significantly disturbed are called these.
Old-growth forest
The study of how scarce resources are allocated is called this.
Economics
The maximum population size an environment can support indefinitely is called this.
Carrying Capacity
Water flowing across land and carrying nutrients into streams is called this.
Runoff
Population growth slows when resources become limited due to this factor.
Carrying Capacity
Pollination by insects is considered this type of ecosystem service.
Supporting Ecosystem Service
A species facing a very high risk of extinction is considered this.
Endangered
Using resources in a way that allows them to remain available for future generations is known as this.
Sustainable development
A species that can tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions is called this type of species.
Generalist
In freshwater ecosystems, this element is usually the limiting nutrient.
Phosphorus
The shift from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates is called this.
Demographic Transition
Repeated use of pesticides can lead to this problem.
Pest Resistance
Biodiversity includes species diversity, genetic diversity, and this third type.
Ecosystem Diversity
The amount of land and water needed to support a person's lifestyle is called this.
Ecological Footprint