Cell biology
What structure controls all the activities of a cell?
Nucleus
Which organ in the human body pumps blood around the systemic circulatory system?
Heart
What type of medicine is used by doctors to kill bacteria inside the human body?
Antibiotics
Does aerobic respiration release energy or absorb energy?
Release
Which chemical reagent is used to test a food sample for the presence of protein?
Biuret solution
What type of microscope is needed to see ribosomes clearly inside a cell?
Electron microscope
What type of protein acts as a biological catalyst to speed up chemical reactions?
Enzyme
Which type of pathogen causes the disease malaria?
Protist
What gas is produced as a waste product during aerobic respiration?
Carbon dioxide
What chemical dye is commonly added to a plant cell slide to make the cell walls and nuclei visible under a light microscope?
Iodine solution (or Methylene blue)
What is the name of the process where an unspecialised cell changes to become a specific type of cell?
Differentiation
Which blood vessels have thin, permeable walls that are only one cell thick to allow diffusion?
Capillaries
What do white blood cells produce to target and destroy specific bacterial or viral antigens?
Antibodies
In which sub-cellular structures (organelles) does most aerobic respiration take place?
Mitochondria
In the osmosis practical using potato cylinders, what is the independent variable that the student changes?
Sugar concentration (or Salt concentration)
During which stage of the cell cycle are the chromosomes pulled to opposite ends of the dividing cell?
Mitosis
What digestive juice is produced by the liver to neutralise stomach acid and emulsify fats?
Bile
In drug trials, what name is given to a fake drug that looks identical to the real medicine but contains no active ingredient?
Placebo
Which limiting factor stops photosynthesis from increasing when light intensity and temperature are both optimal?
Carbon dioxide
When investigating the effect of pH on the rate of reaction of amylase, what chemical is used to test for the disappearance of starch?
Iodine solution
An image of a plant cell is 40 mm wide under a microscope. If the actual size of the cell is 0.1 mm, what is the magnification?
x400 (or 400)
Which chemical reagent is used to test food for the presence of non-reducing sugars like glucose?
Benedict's solution
What name is given to a clinical trial where neither the volunteer nor the doctor knows who received the real drug?
Double-blind trial (or Double-blind)
What name is given to the extra amount of oxygen needed after exercise to react with and remove lactic acid?
Oxygen debt
In the osmosis practical, what term describes a potato cylinder that has lost mass and become limp because water left its cells?
Flaccid