Type 2 Diabetes and Hypoglycemia

Pathophysiology

100

This blood glucose level defines hypoglycemia in newborns less than 72 hours old.

Less than 2.6 mmol/L

200

This factor can worsen the severity of neonatal hypoglycemia by increasing glucose consumption.

Heat loss/cold stress

300

These are common signs and symptoms seen in a hypoglycemic newborn.

Jitteriness, poor feeding, lethargy, hypotonia, temperature instability, apnea, cyanosis, seizures, or irritability

Interventions

100

This is the correct dose of oral glucose gel used for neonatal hypoglycemia.

0.5 mL/kg

200

These are the correct steps for administering oral glucose gel in the proper order.

1. Massage gel into buccal mucosa
2. Dry inside of buccal mucosa
3. Gather supplies
4. Squeeze gel onto gloved finger

1. Massage gel into buccal mucosa
2. Dry inside of buccal mucosa
3. Gather supplies
4. Squeeze gel onto gloved finger

3 → 2 → 4 → 1

300

According to Alberta Health Services guidelines, what situation requires notifying the Most Responsible Health Practitioner and strongly considering NICU admission in a newborn with hypoglycemia?

A newborn who requires a maximum of 4 doses of glucose gel within 48 hours OR develops rebound hypoglycemia after normal glucose values.

Education

100

Parents should feed late-preterm infants this often, even if the baby does not show hunger cues

2-3 hours

200

This surgical complication should be monitored for after a C-section, especially in patients with obesity and diabetes

incision infection

300

Explain the pathophysiology behind hypoglycemia in a baby born to a mother with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Persistent fetal hyperinsulinemia combined with a rapid decrease in placental hormones and maternal glucose supply after delivery causes the newborn’s blood glucose levels to drop