Show:
Organelles
Mitosis & Meiosis
DNA Replication
Cellular Respiration
Cell Cycle & Cancer
100
This is a process that centrioles are involved in.
What is mitosis (spindle formation)?
100
This is what happens during metaphase in mitosis.
What is when all of the centromeres of the chromosomes are aligned in the middle of the cell?
100
These are the segments of DNA on the lagging strand that are not connected.
What is Okazaki fragments?
100
These parts of cellular respiration are aerobic.
What is Kreb's Cycle and Electron Transport Chain?
100
This is what happens during G1 phase.
What is recovering from mitosis, and biosynthesis of organelles, ribosomes and macromolecules?
200
This is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER (both structure and function).
What is rough ER has ribosomes on it, and makes proteins? And smooth ER does not have ribosomes, and makes lipids and steroids and detoxifies.
200
This is the difference between cytokinesis in animal cells and plant cells.
What is animals: cleavage furrow forms when the cytoskeleton pinches the cytoplasm in half. in plants: a cell plate forms in between the two cells.
200
This is what chromatin is made up of and what it's purpose is.
What is DNA and histones (proteins) to protect DNA from enzymes and condense it so it will fit inside the nucleus?
200
These are the "electron shuttles" in cellular respiration.
What are NAD+ and FADH?
200
This is the definition of a proto-oncogene.
What is: they code for growth factors that stimulate cell division.
300
This is what the nucleolus codes for.
What is tRNA and rRNA?
300
How is Metaphase I in Meiosis I different from Metaphase in mitosis or metaphase II in meiosis?
What is in metaphase I, tetrads (homologous chromosomes) line up at the center in pairs, but in metaphase II, chromosomes align in one row.
300
This is the difference between DNA polymerase I and DNA polymerase III. Which one works first?
What is DNA polymerase I replaces RNA primer with DNA. DNA polymerase III adds complementary nucleotides to the current DNA strand, it makes a polymer of DNA.
300
These are the products of the Kreb's Cycle for one acetyl CoA.
What is 3 NADH, 1 ATP, 
2 CO2, 1 FADH2?
300
Name the two checkpoints in the cell cycle. What phases are they in between?
What is: Between G1 and S phase. S cyclin binds to S-kinanse, it changes shape and phosphorylates a different protein. then the cell can move to S phase. Between G2 and Mitosis. M cyclin binds to M kinase, phosphorylates another protein, and the moves the cell into mitosis
400
This is what a lysosome does.
What is contains strong enzymes to digest-- either to kill the cell (apoptosis) or to kill organelles (autophagy)? Removes waste from the cell.
400
Describe the difference between formation of gametes in sperm and egg formation.
Sperm: meiosis occurs normally, end with 4 sperms. Eggs: after meiosis I, end with secondary oocyte and first polar body (unequal division). after meiosis II secondary oocyte further devices into ootid and secondary polar bodies form. then ootid becomes ovum.
400
This is the experiment that Griffith performed to better understand DNA transformation.
What is a mouse experiment: strain of pneumonia that was lethal, put it into the mouse and it died. Non-lethal strain didn’t kill the mouse. Heated lethal strain (denatured protein) injected into mouse and it survived. Took heat killed strain and nonlethal strain and mixed them together mouse died. This showed that information from heat-killed lethal strain was transferred to lethal strain and it became lethal and killed the mouse
400
This is the first molecule that acetyl CoA combines with in the Kreb's Cycle (hint: 4 carbons).
What is oxaloacetic acid?
400
Name the definition of: tumor suppressor genes, a tumor, and how a tumor suppressor gene can contribute to cancer.
tumor suppressor genes— normally inhibit cell division, slow down cell division. Tumors— abnormal mass of cells within normal tissue. Tumor suppressor genes could be mutated where they no longer slow down the cell division process, so there can be uncontrolled division of cells.
500
Name three functions of the cytoskeleton and the three different types of fibers.
What is 1. cell shape 2. suspends organelles— holds them in place 3. cell motility. Three types of fibers: 1. Microfilaments-- made up of actin 2. Intermediate filaments-- keratin 3. Microtubules-- made up of tubulin
500
Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis in 4 ways.
Mitosis: start and end with diploid cells. Meiosis: start with diploid, end with haploid. Mitosis: one division. Meiosis: 2 divisions. Mitosis: metaphase divides sister chromatids. Meiosis: first division separates homologous chromosomes. Mitosis: in somatic cells. Meiosis: forms gametes.
500
Name 5 of the enzymes that work in DNA replication and their functions. (Extra points if you can name and describe ALL of them!)
(Answers may vary) What is helicase, topoisomerase, single stranded binding proteins, primase, DNA poly III, DNA poly I, ligase?
500
Explain the process of the electron transport chain. What are the products of this process?
What is NADH drops off its electron at the first protein. when the electron is dropped off, it changes the shape of the enzyme, and then it pumps hydrogen from the matrix to the intermembrane space. electrons move from one protein to the other. Then oxygen is the final electron acceptor, and accept electrons, combine with hydrogens, and make water. ATP synthase is where hydrogens go from high to low concentration, and then takes ADP and phosphate to make ATP. Products: water, ATP, NAD+.
500
Describe a carcinogen and name 5 different carcinogens.
What is: carcinogen-- anything that alters DNA to make cancer cells. Tobacco, animal fat, alcohol, pesticides, radiation, immune system, heredity.