CONCEPTUAL
What is the ploidy level of following?
1) Sporophyte
2) Gametes
3) Zygote
4) Spores
5) Gametophyte
1) 3) are 2n
2) 4) and 5) are n
What is the male reproductive part of angiosperms called?
(Hint: it is composed on anther and filament)
Stamen
What is the "unit of contraction" in skeletal and cardiac muscle?
Sarcomere
MENTION A LINEAGE OF PROKARYOTES AND ALSO STATE ITS SYNAPOMORPHY (JUST ONE)
Firmicutes: low GC gram positive
Cyanobacteria: oxygenic photosynthesis
Actinobacteria: high GC gram positive
Spirochaetes: corkscrew shape and flagella
Chlamydiae: endosymbioants
Proteobacteria: all gram negative
Plant like to live in which environment?
a) Hypertonic
b) Hypotonic
c) Isotonic
b) Hypotonic
Question 1. What is the shell of protein on viruses called?
a. Envelope
b. Capsid
c. Virion
Question 2. In which cycle does the virus incorporate its own information into the host?a. Lytic cycle
b. Lysogenic cycle
c. Liptic cycle
d. Leukocytic cycle
Question 1: Capsid
Question 2: Lysogenic cycle
Which of the following plant hormones are involved in cell elongation and apical dominance?
a) Cytokinins
b) ABA
c) Brassinosteroids
d) Auxin
d) Auxin
In which region of roots does most of the absorption occur?
a) Zone of elongation
b) Zone of maturation
c) Zone of cell division
b) Zone maturation.
This region has root hair on its surface which allows for maximum absorption.
What is the synapomorphy of Mollusca?
- muscular foot
- visceral mass
- mantle
Multicellular fungi have a filamentous, vegetative feeding structure called ________.
(Hint: narrow branched filaments called hyphae make up this structure)
Mycelium
What is the main function of xylem and phloem?
Xylem: conducts water and ions from root system to shoot system. (unidirectional)
Phloem: moves sugar, amino acids, and chemical signals in two directions
How might herd immunity be helpful in stopping the spread of COVID-19?
Herd immunity means immunizing maximum number of people in the population. This can help the spread to stop.
Define Osmosis and Diffusion
Osmosis: water moves across the cell membrane from an area of lower solute concentration (high water concentration) to an area of higher solute concentration (low water concentration)
Diffusion: Solutes diffuse down their concentration gradient to equalize solute concentrations across a semi permeable membrane.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of sexual and asexual reproduction?
Sexual Reproduction:
Advantage: more diversity
Disadvantage: requires energy to find the mate
Asexual Reproduction:
Advantage: no energy needed to find a mate
Disadvantage: less diversity.
- Innate immune system has rapid response, adaptive immune system has slow response.
- Innate immune response does not have any memory, adaptive immune response has memory.
Why is the wall of left ventricle thicker than the wall of right ventricle?
OR
Why are the walls of ventricles thicker than the walls of atriums.
Left ventricle transports blood to the rest of the body, which requires more pressure. To deal with that pressure, the wall is thicker. But right ventricle transports blood only to the lungs.
Atrium only transports blood to the corresponding ventricle but ventricle transports blood to distant places. So, ventricle has thicker walls
What is afferent and efferent division?
Afferent: transmission of info to CNS
Efferent: transmission of commands from CNS to the body
What is the function of the following layers of amniotic egg?
1) Amnion
2) Yolk sac
3) Allantois
4) Chorion
1) Amnion: watery cusion for embryo, provides support
2) Yolk sac: provides nutrients
3) Allantois: stores waste produced by embryo
4) Chorion: allows for gas exchange
A freshwater fish will have concentrated or diluted urine?
A marine fish will prefer to drink more or less water?
Dilute urine
Drink more water
Match the following:
Synaptic signalling, autocrine signalling, paracrine signalling, endocrine signalling, and neuroendocrine signalling.
A. trigger response in target cells anywhere in the body
B. Same as endocrine, but signal released from neurons
C. trigger response in cells of target tissue
D. trigger response in neighboring cells
E. trigger response in cells that secrete them
A. trigger response in target cells anywhere in the body - Endocrine signaling.
B. Same as endocrine, but signal released from neurons - neuroendocrine
C. trigger response in cells of target tissue - synaptic
D. trigger response in neighboring cells - paracrine
E. trigger response in cells that secrete them - autocrine
What is depolarization, repolarization, and hyper polarization?
Depolarization: membrane potential becomes less polarized (from highly negative to close to zero and briefly positive)
Repolarization: membrane potential returns to resting value
Hyperpolarisation: membrane becomes slightly more negative than resting potential
What is the common name for the following plants?
1) Hepaticophyta
2) Bryophyta
3) Pteridophyta
4) Lycophyta
1) Liverworts
2) Mosses
3) Ferns
4) Club mosses
What is the function of parietal cells, mucous cells and chief cells?
OR
What is modified esophagus and stomach called in a bird?
Mucous cells: secretes mucus
Chief cells: secretes pepsinogen
Modified esophagus: crop
Modified stomach: gizzard
What is the functional unit of kidney? Mention its function.
Nephron. Carries out filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
What is function of sarcolemma, T -tubules, sarcoplasmic reticulum, myofibrils?
a) contract in response to increase in cytosolic (Ca+2).
b) invaginations of sarcolemma.
c) action potentials conducted along sarcolemma.
d) intracellular Ca+2 store that is released into cytosol in response to depolarization.
Sarcolemma: (c)
T -tubules: (b)
Sarcoplasmic reticulum: (d)
Myofibrils: (a)