Week 1
What is the difference between scientific theory and everyday theory?
Scientific theory: well accepted evidence based observation
Everyday theory: anecdotal evidence
Central dogma
DNA to RNA to protein
Describe phagocytosis
cell "eating" - neutrophil attacking bacteria
Describe endosymbiotic theory
pre-eukaryotic swallowed a bacteria and formed a symbiotic relationship
What are the three bonds mentioned in class.
Order from weakest to strongest
hydrogen, ionic, covalent
Give an example of a falsifiable hypothesis.
(answers may vary)
Name the four elements essential for life.
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
eukaryotes contain membrane bound organelles
prokaryotes have peptidoglycan present
Name a trait necessary for a molecule to cross the cell membrane.
nonpolar (no charge)
What controls the movement of vesicles?
Motor proteins
True or False
Correlation does not mean causation
True
List some properties of water and why they are important to life
High heat capacity, Cohesion, adhesion, Universal solvent, polar (hydrogen bonds)
Describe early earth and what caused the first mass extinction.
No oxygen. Cyanobacteria used sunlight to make energy and made oxygen as a byproduct.
Why are phospholipids used in cell membranes?
amphipathic - have both polar and nonpolar characteristics
What is reaction is done to build large molecules?
Break them?
Hydrolysis
Explain Semmelweis's findings on childbed fever
Surgeons were not washing their hands after doing experiments in the morgue. "Invisible" particle that we now know as bacteria
What are the four macromolecules and their importance in biology
Proteins - many functions (enzymes)
Carbohydrates - energy
Lipids - energy storage (long term, hormones, membrane)
DNA - genetic material
What are the three components of the cytoskeleton
microtubule, intermediate filament, microfilament
Describe isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic
What would happen to a red blood cell in each
isotonic - same - nothing
hypotonic - more water less solute - expands
hypertonic - less water more solute - shrivel
What are the four levels of protein structure?
primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
Explain the scientific method.
Observation
Hypothesis
Testable and falsifiable
Structure you might see it in is an “if then statement”
Experiment
Dependent
Independent
Control
Results
Scientific theory
Theory vs everyday theory
Why is carbon so important to life?
Four covalent bonds - backbone to biological backbone
By how many years has the human life expectancy increased since 1900?
31-32 (depending on rounding)
Describe the endomembrane system
nucleus, rough er, smooth er, er transport vesicle, golgi, golgi vesicle
What do ALL cells have
cell membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material, ribosomes