Gen Bio - segment I

Don't forget the units!

100

The amount of heat required to raise 1 kilogram of water by 1 degree Celsius

kilocalorie

200

Atomic mass of an atom with 11 protons, 13 neutrons, and 11 electrons.  

24 daltons

300

Molecular mass of HNO₃

H = 1, N = 14, O = 16

31 daltons

400

Molar mass of methane, CH₄

C = 12, H = 1

16 grams

500

How much NaCl would you weigh out to make 1 liter of .25M NaCl solution?

Na = 11

Cl = 17

 7 grams

Carbon

100

The class of chemicals that contain carbon

Organic chemicals

200

Number of double covalent bonds that each carbon can form

2

300

A chemical group, attached to an organic molecule, directly involved in chemical reactions.  

Functional group

400

Organic molecule consisting of only Carbon and Hydrogen

Hydrocarbon

500

Both of these molecules have the same molecular formula - C₆H₁₂O₆, they are

Structural isomers

Basic Chemistry

100

The 2 subatomic particles found in the nucleus

Protons, neutrons

200

This type of chemical bond results in a transfer of 1 or more valence electrons, resulting in 2 oppositely charged atoms that are attracted to each other.  

Ionic bond

300

This group is common in monosaccharides

hydroxyl group

Double down for double points: These groups form weak bonds called _________.

400

This group is nonpolarand is often used to regulate gene expression.

Methyl group

500

In this type of chemical bond, an electronegative atom "hogs" the shared electrons.

Polar covalent bond

Water

100

This property of water, due to H bonding, allows bugs walk across its surface.

Surface tension

200

6.02 X 10²³ of anything

1 mole

300

Donates a hydrogen to a solution

Acid

400

Will pick up H⁺ ions if pH decreases, can also donate them if pH increases. Prevents wild pH swings.  

Buffer

500

The property of a substance that is defined as the amount of heat required to raise 1g of that substance by 1 degree Celsius.  

Specific heat

Miscellaneous

100

When a blood vessel is damaged, chemicals are released that summon platelets to the scene of the damage.  When they arrive, they secrete more of the same chemicals, which calls more platelets, until the blood vessel is clogged.  What type of mechanism is this?

Positive feedback

200

The most basic structural and functional unit that constitutes life. 

A cell

300

 6.02 X 10²³ of anything, but usually atoms or molecules

Mole

400

Ice floats on water because

Its solid form is less dense than its liquid form.  

500

If the pOH of a solution is 2, this is the pH.

pH 12

Functional Groups

100

Why does act as an acid?

Carboxylic acid can (and usually does at physiological pH) release a H⁺ ion into solution.

200

Name this functional group

Amine group.  Acts a weak base.

300

Molecules that sport one of these groups are called

Thiols (sulfhydryl group)

Double down for double points: Which amino acid has a sulfhydryl group?

400

An important group for cellular energy

Phosphate group.  Found in ATP and nucleotides, for a start.  Weak acid, very polar.

500

Carbonyl groups are split into 2 categories.  Name them and what makes them different from each other.

Aldehydes:  double bond to oxygen is on the terminal carbon.

Ketones: double bond to oxygen is to a carbon that is not bonded to hydrogen.