Ch 1-3
This is the educated guess or proposed explanation that scientists form before testing their ideas through experiments.
What is a hypothesis?
These tree-like structures on a neuron receive incoming signals from other nerve cells
What are dendrites
In this type of learning, a stimulus or experience is presented before a behavior and is paired with it to influence the response
What is classical conditioning
Unlike short-term memory, the storage capacity of this type of memory is often considered virtually unlimited
What is long-term memory
Jane blames her professor’s personal feelings for her bad grade, which suggests she has this type of control over events
What is an external locus of control
Long before psychology was a formal science, this field explored questions about the mind and human nature.
What is philosophy?
This is the clinical term used to describe walking or performing other complex behaviors while asleep
What is somnambulism
This occurs when a pleasant stimulus is removed to decrease the likelihood of a behavior happening again.
What is negative punishment
This type of motor skill involves small, precise movements, like using scissors to cut out paper shapes
What are fine motor skills
This term describes a person’s characteristic emotional reactions and activity level from an early age
What is temperament
This method involves analyzing previously collected data, such as public records or historical documents, to study new research questions.
What is archival research?
The body's internal timekeeper, responsible for regulating sleep and circadian rhythms, is located in this part of the brain
What is the hypothalamus
This branch of linguistics focuses on the meaning of words and phrases, helping us understand how language conveys information
What is semantics
The frontal lobes, responsible for decision-making and self-control, typically reach full maturity by this
What is 25 years old
When we actively look for information that confirms our existing stereotypes, we are experiencing this type of bias.
What is confirmation bias
This term describes the common issue in long-term studies when participants stop responding or drop out over time.
What is attrition?
This term refers to the smallest amount of stimulus energy needed for it to be detected half of the time.
What is the absolute threshold
The average IQ score for most people is set at this number
What is 100
Carl’s motivation to mow his neighbor's yard each week for $20 is driven by an external reward, making it this type of motivation
What is extrinsic motivation
This happens when the frustrations of an in-group are unfairly directed at an out-group
What is scapegoating
Humans have this many pairs of chromosomes?
What is 23?
These cells in the retina are responsible for color vision and operate most effectively in bright light
What are cones
This type of memory system includes components like the phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, episodic buffer, and a central executive
What is working memory
Approximately one-third of U.S. adults are classified as obese, according to recent health data.
What is one third
This term refers to a situation where a supervisor offers a work-related reward in exchange for a sexual favor
What is quid pro quo