Psychology Then & Now
He opened the first psychology laboratory in Germany.
Wilhelm Wundt
The fake treatment given to a comparison group.
Placebo
These neuron structures receive messages from other neurons.
Dendrites
This limbic structure is important for memory formation.
Hippocampus
This gland produces melatonin.
Pineal gland
Process of converting physical energy into a neural signal.
Transduction
This perspective emphasizes observable behavior.
Behaviorism
This type of study can establish cause and effect.
Experiment
Chemicals that jump the gap between neurons.
Neurotransmitters
This structure is strongly involved in fear and emotional responses.
Amygdala
This gland produces growth hormone.
Pituitary gland
A smell becomes less noticeable after you've been around it for some time.
Sensory adaptation
He argued that unconscious desires influence behavior.
Sigmund Freud
The precise way a researcher measures a variable.
Operational definition
This neurotransmitter is associated with sadness and sleep problems when levels are low.
Serotonin
This nervous system division controls voluntary movement
Somatic nervous system
This organ helps regulate blood sugar levels.
Pancreas
The weakest stimulus you can detect.
Absolute threshold
These psychologists emphasized human growth and reaching one's potential.
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
Researchers test whether background music affects students' memory. The music is the ________.
Independent variable
This neurotransmitter helps calm the nervous system.
GABA
After a frightening event, this system helps your body return to a calmer state.
Parasympathetic nervous system
This hormone increases during prolonged stress.
Cortisol
These photoreceptors allow you to see colors.
Cones
A psychologist explains behavior by focusing on genes, hormones, and brain activity.
Biological perspective
Two variables rise together, but a third variable may explain both. This is the ________ problem.
Confounding third variable
Caffeine produces alertness by blocking receptors for this chemical.
Adenosine
This brain structure helps regulate hunger, thirst, and body temperature.
Hypothalamus
Glands that produce stress hormones
Adrenal glands
These sensory nerve fibers cause sharp, immediate pain; these sensory fibers cause dull, aching pain that lingers.
A-delta fibers; C fibers