Chapter 7: Memories
Memory loss due to brain injury or disease
What is amnesia?
My dog barks whenever the mailman comes by. Now every time I check the mailbox she barks. Identify the conditioned stimulus and conditioned response.
What is opening the mailbox and the dog barking?
The stage of language development that begins around 5-6 months. Consonant sounds begin to form such as "b" and "d."
What is Babbling?
The type of knowledge responsible for using previous knowledge for abstract reasoning and solving new problems that have never been confronted before.
What is Fluid Intelligence?
When we are motivated by outside factors such as money, food, power.
What is Extrinsic Motivation?
What is Short-Term Memory?
A dog is trained to sit when other dogs walk by. Now my dog sits whenever he sees a dog. This process is known as what?
What is Stimulus Generalization?
The critical window for learning language. Typically last from birth till 12 years old.
What is the Sensitivity Period?
The type of intelligence gained from years of learning, knowledge acquisition, and practice.
What is Crystalized Intelligence?
For something to be qualified as a disorder it must be dysfunctional, distressing, deviant, and ______
What is Disturbing?
Has unlimited capacity and long duration.
What is Long-Term Memory?
The process of learning by observing the consequences of others actions.
What is Modeling?
A Cognitive Bias where an initial positive or negative impression of a person or thing influences our overall judgment of them on other, unrelated dimensions.
What is the Halo Effect?
The theory of intelligence developed by Spearman that states intelligence is one specific factor measured by multiple components. Also known as the g-factor.
What is General Intelligence Theory?
The retention of stimulus sensory information held for 2-4 seconds.
Bonus points if you tell me the two types of sensory memory (100pts)
What is sensory memory?
My daughter keeps sneaking out of the house. To try and get her to stop I started taking away her driving privileges. This is what form of operant conditioning?
What is Negative Punishment?
A Cognitive Bias that causes us to incorrectly judge the probability of a phenomenon because of its representativeness. When prior knowledge gets in the way of learning new information.
What is the Representative Heuristic?
Significant limitations in intellectual functioning as well as in everyday adaptive behavior. One requirement is having an IQ of 70 or lower.
What is Intellectual Disability?
This model of motivation suggests that our body wants to maintain homeostasis. When we're not our body forms a need and a drive to fulfill that need until homeostasis has been re-established.
What is the Drive Reduction Model?
There are four types of working memory. One that controls the focus of attention, one that stores language and sound, one stores visual and spatial images, one stores events and experiences. What are they?
What is Central Executive?
What is Phonological Loop?
What is Visual-Spatial Sketchpad?
What is Episodic Buffer?
A mouse pulls a lever to get extra bits of food. Sometimes he pulls it 3 times and gets a response. Sometimes he pulls it 7 times and gets a response. The amount of pulls is inconsistent before food is received. This is what form of intermittent reinforcement?
What is Variable-Ratio?
Theory of language development that says language is learned through interactions with the environment and people. A bountiful verbal environment leads to faster language development.
What is Sociocultural Theory?
A very rare condition in which people with serious intellectual disability also show isolated areas of ability or brilliance.
What is Savant Syndrome?
The belief that an optimistic view and positive emotions can mitigate distress and facilitate recovery from bad experiences.
What is Positive Psychology?