Sleep
As the night progresses, what happens to the REM stage of sleep?
It increases
After continued use of a psychoactive drug, the drug user needs to take larger doses to get the desired effect. This is referred to as ________________.
Tolerance
In Pavlov's experiments, the tone started as a neutral stimulus, and then became a __________________________.
conditioned stimulus
A psychologist who asks you to write down as many objects as you can remember having seen a few minutes earlier is testing your
Recall
The cerebellum and basal ganglia are parts of the ____________ memory system
implicit
About how long is an average sleep cycle?
90 minutes
The depressants include barbiturates, opiates,
alcohol
a type of learning in which we link two or more stimuli; as a result, the first stimulus (a tone) comes to elicit behavior (drooling) in anticipation of the second stimulus (food)
classical conditioning
a newer understanding of short-term memory that adds conscious, active processing of both incoming sensory information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
working memory
True of False: Hippocampus damage typically leaves people unable to learn new facts or recall recent events. However, they may be able to learn new skills, such as riding a bicycle, which is an implicit memory.
True
Our body temperature tends to rise and fall in sync with our biological clock, which is referred to as _________________ ______________.
circadian rhythm
The stimulants include caffeine, cocaine, and
nicotine, meth, etc.
a type of learning in which a behavior becomes more likely to recur if followed by a reinforcer or less likely to recur if followed by a punisher
operant conditioning
Memory aids that use visual imagery (such as peg words) or other organizational devices (such as acronyms) are called ________________________.
Mnemonics
A desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment
Extrinsic motivation
An ongoing difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or having restorative sleep.
insomnia
these substances distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input (which is why these drugs are also called psychedelics, meaning “mind-manifesting”
hallucinogens
Your dog is barking so loudly that it's making your ears ring. You clap your hands, the dog stops barking, your ears stop ringing, and you think to yourself, "I'll have to do that when he barks again." The end of the barking was for you a
Negative Reinforcement
a fleeting sensory memory of visual stimuli
iconic memory
A desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake
Intrinsic motivation
a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind
dreams
The (psychical, emotional, and/or psychological) discomfort a person feels when they try to stop using a substance.
withdrawal
Your dog is barking so loudly that it's making your ears ring. You clap your hands, the dog stops barking, your ears stop ringing, and you think to yourself, "I'll have to do that when he barks again." For the dog the clapping was a
Positive punishment
The frontal lobe and hippocampus are part of the ________ memory system
Explicit
Some scientists believe that the brain has _______________ neurons that enable empathy and imitation.
Mirror Neurons