DNA Basics
What molecule stores all the genetic instructions for a cell?
DNA
What is Gene Expression?
The process where information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.
The process of copying DNA into mRNA
Transcription
The process of using mRNA to make a protein.
Amino Acids
What is a Mutation?
A change in DNA
Where is DNA found in a eukaryotic cell?
Nucleus
The one-way flow from DNA > RNA > protein
Central Dogma
The process of using mRNA to make a protein.
Translation
What is a codon?
A set of 3 nucleotides on mRNA
What is substitution?
When one nucleotide is replaced by another
What are the building blocks of DNA called?
Nucleotides
A section of DNA that codes for a protein is a _________.
Gene
Messenger RNA / mRNA
AUG is the codon for this amino acid.
Methionine
What is deletion
When a nucleotide is removed.
Proteins that DNA wraps around to stay organized
Why do brain and liver cells look different even though they have the same DNA?
Different genes are turned on and off
Which kind of RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome?
Transfer RNA/ tRNA
What bond holds amino acid together in a protein?
Peptide bond
When is insertion?
When an extra nucleotide is added
______ is the complete set of DNA in a cell.
Genome
Only about what percent of DNA codes for proteins?
Only 2%
Where does translation occur in the cell?
The ribosome
The order of amino acids in a protein is called …
Amino acid sequence
Why can mutations affect traits?
They can change the protein made.