Structure and Mutation
The three components of a nucleotide.
What are phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base?
Components needed for transcription.
What are DNA and RNA polymerase?
The components needed for translation.
What are mRNA, Ribosome, and charged tRNA?
Regulation at the protein level.
What are degradation and feedback inhibition?
Bacterial transformation achieves this.
What is Gene transfer and production of a protein?
The source of genetic variation.
What is a mutation?
RNA is built in this direction.
What is 5' to 3'?
Codons are found on this molecule and made of this # of nucleotides.
What is mRNA and 3?
Regulation at the RNA level.
What are siRNA, splicing, and degradation?
Replication with one new strand and one old strand is called this.
What is semiconservative?
The purines and pyrimidines.
What are G & A; C, T & U?
DNA is read in this direction.
What is 3' to 5'?
Anticodons are found on this molecule and made of this number of nucleotides.
What is tRNA and 3?
Stretches of DNA that interact with regulatory proteins to control transcription.
What are regulatory sequences? (AKA operator)
oncogenes vs protooncogenes
protoncogenes do normal DNA/cell replication and growth. oncogenes are uncontrolled cellular replication
Mutations may or may not affect this.
What is a phenotype?
Where RNA polymerase binds.
What is a promoter?
The 3 broad steps for translation.
What are initiation, elongation, and termination?
The regulation at the DNA level.
What is methylation and histone alteration?
What kind of genes control what genes are expressed in what cells?
Hox genes
The small extra-chromosomal circular DNA.
What are plasmids?
Post-transcriptional modification in eukaryotes.
What are slicing, 5' methy cap, and 3' poly-A tail?
In eukaryotes, the same transcript may have different introns and exons.
What is alternative splicing?
Components of an operon.
What is a common promoter for multiple genes?
The 5 enzymes needed for replication.
What are helicase, topoisomerase, DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, and ligase?