Which DNA strand is the template strand and which is the coding strand?
The template strand is the one copied (antisense) and the coding strand is not used as the template (sense)
100
Each amino acid in a protein is specified by a...
codon
100
What is the symbol for the part of the RNA polymerase that is in the holoenzyme, but not the core enzyme?
(this question is a daily triple muahaha- 300 pts)
Sigma
100
What is the central dogma?
DNA -> RNA -> protein
200
DNA and RNA have the same bases with the exception that RNA has
Uracil instead of Thymine
200
What is the term for the RNA transcript used to direct the synthesis of polypeptides?
mRNA/ messenger RNA
200
What is the start codon?
AUG
200
Insertions and deletions cause which type of mutations?
Frameshift mutations
200
Why is the retrovirus a violation of the central dogma?
It converts its RNA genome into a DNA copy.
300
What is the main difference between the structure of a nucleotide in DNA and RNA?
A five carbon sugar ribose in RNA and a five carbon sugar deoxyribose in DNA.
300
Complementary RNA is created from ______? (direction)
5’ ---> 3’ (downstream)
300
Where does translation occur (prokaryotes)?
On the ribosome
300
What is the function of tRNA?
Carries amino acids and participates in protein synthesis.
300
The three nucleotide codon system can be arranged into how many combinations?
4^3=64
400
What is DNA?
The fundamental and distinctive characteristics of someone or something; deoxyribonucleic acid
400
The site where RNA polymerase attaches to the DNA molecule to start the formation of a RNA is called a...
promoter
400
What are the three stop codons?
UAA, UGA, and UAG
400
An example of a retrovirus that converts their RNA genome into a DNA copy is?
HIV
400
what are the names for the two parts of RNA polymerase (prokaryotes)?
The core polymerase and the holoenzyme.
500
Which two scientists concluded that the genetic code is read as triplet codons
Crick and Brenner
500
What is in a transcription unit?
the promoter, start site, and termination site
500
In what order are the A-site, E-site, and P-site on the ribosome?
A, P, E (exit)
500
What is an operon?
A functioning unit of genomic DNA containing a cluster of genes under the control of a single regulatory signal or promoter
500
Name the two functions of the ribosome in transcription and translation
Decoding the transcribed message and forming peptide bonds.