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Transcription
Translation
Mutations
Gene Regulation
100
The name of the enzyme responsible for adding nucleotides to the mRNA strand
What is RNA polymerase?
100
The location where translation occurs.
What is the ribosome?
100
Insertion or deletion mutations can alter the entire reading of the mRNA strand from downstream of the mutation. This is the term that describes this.
What is a frameshift mutation?
100
The protein that DNA wraps around due to the attraction of opposite charges.
What is a histone protein?
200
The full name of the nucleotide that replaces thymine in RNA.
What is uracil?
200
The chemical component of tRNA that is incorporated into the protein.
What is the amino acid?
200
A nonsense mutation.
What is when a stop codon appears too early in the mRNA sequence resulting in an incomplete protein?
200
To increase gene expression, cells add a chemical group to a protein that unwinds the DNA around the protein. Loosely packed DNA is more easily expressed. This is the name of the chemical and the protein.
What is acetylation of histone proteins?
300
Three differences between DNA and RNA?
What are single stranded/double stranded, uracil/thymine, and deoxyribonucleic acid/ribonucleic acid?
300
Draw a tRNA structure.
What is [see diagram on board]?
300
A mutation that causes the ribosome to recruit a tRNA molecule with a different amino acid than the original codon sequence.
What is a missense mutation?
300
The reason why loosely packed DNA is more easily expressed than tightly packed DNA.
What is RNA polymerase has an easier time binding to the DNA?
400
The pieces of mRNA that are incorporated into the final mRNA product that leaves the nucleus.
What are exons?
400
The amino acid that would be attached to the tRNA with the anticodon GAG?
What is leucine (leu)?
400
The three mRNA codons that result in the stopping of transcription.
What are: UAA, UAG, UGA?
400
To decrease gene expression, cells add a chemical group to a nucleotide that tightens the winding of DNA. Tightly packed DNA is less easily expressed. This is the name of the chemical and the nucleotide.
What is methylation of cytosine bases?
500
The name of the protein that cuts out introns in mRNA and rejoins exons together.
What is the splicesome?
500
An example of a codon and a mutated codon that would result in a silent mutation.
What is [many correct answers]?
500
The explanation for why the sickle cell mutation results in a misshapen protein, which causes that disease, rather than a completely malfunctioning protein.
What is the sickle cell mutation is a point missense mutation that results in the exchange of a polar amino acid for a nonpolar amino acid, which alters the shape of the protein, but does not completely destroy the protein?
500
The name of the gene silencing mechanism that can be manipulated by scientists to selectively destroy certain strands of mRNA.
What is siRNA?