He studied samples of DNA from various species and identified that the concentrations of adenine and thymine were always very similar as were the concentrations of guanine and cytosine. This was the first discovery of the rules for base pairing.
Who is Erwin Chargoff
100
This term refers to a triplet of nucleotides on DNA and mRNA that codes for an amino acid.
What is a codon
100
Makes up 80% of a cells RNA.
What is rRNA
100
The process of making RNA from DNA.
What is transcription.
100
Structural protein used to form skin, hair, nails and feathers.
What is keratin
200
He discovered a "transforming" substance that could convert a nonvirulent R-strain bacteria into pneumonia causing S-strain bacteria.
Who is Frederick Griffith
200
The ability of the cell to transcribe the genetic code and use the information for the production of protein.
What is gene expression.
200
The two exposed binding sites on a tRNA molecule.
What are the anticodon and the amino acid binding site.
200
The enzyme that catalyzes mRNA synthesis.
What is RNA polymerase
200
Important cellular proteins that reduce activation energy to speed up chemical reactions in living organisms.
What are enzymes
300
These two scientists won a Nobel prize in 1962 for identifying the correct structure of the DNA molecule.
Who are James Watson and Francis Crick
300
This loosely wound structure of interphase DNA that easily allows for genes to be expressed.
What is chromatin
300
Contains a phosphate group, nitrogen base and 5-carbon sugar.
What is a nucleotide
300
The region upstream from a gene to which RNA polymerase binds to initiate RNA synthesis.
What is the promoter
300
These proteins serve as signal molecules released into the blood to act on target cells. Many function to maintain homeostasis. An example would be insulin.
What are hormones.
400
His experiments extended those of Griffith to show that a DNA digesting enzyme blocked transformation of live R bacteria into pneumonia causing live S bacteria. This confirmed the transforming principle was DNA.
Who is Oswald Avery
400
All cells of a living organism carry the same genetic code, but different cells are capable of performing unique, specialized functions because
What is different cells express different genes.
400
The 5-carbon sugar, nitrogen bases, and structure of RNA.
What is ribose, A U G and C, single stranded.
400
The product(s) of transcription
What are mRNA, tRNA and rRNA and (snRNA)
400
A large quarternary protein needed for oxygen transport in red blood cells.
What is hemoglobin
500
Their work with bacteriophages showed that viruses insert DNA, not protein, into a host cell, confirming DNA is the molecule of inheritance.
Who are Hershey and Chase
500
All living things across all 6 kingdoms use DNA as their molecule of inheritance. This provides evidence that living organisms have descended from a
What is common ancestor
500
The role of snRNA in the cell
What is to participate in splicing of introns from a primary mRNA transcript by binding to the 5' and 3' ends of introns forming a spliceosome to remove the intron.
500
The initial unprocessed RNA copy of a gene
What is the primary transcript
500
A special cytoplasmic protein that assists in folding newly formed polypeptides into their tertiary structure.