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History of DNA
Genetic code
Nucleic acid
Step one
Protein WOW
100
He constructed the DNA molecule as a triple helix with the phosphate groups pointing inwards and the nitrogen bases pointed outwards.
Who is Linus Pauling
100
A triplet of nucleotides on DNA and mRNA that codes for an amino acid.
What is a codon
100
Makes up 80% of a cells RNA.
What is rRNA
100
The process of making RNA from DNA.
What is transcription.
100
Structural protein used to form skin, hair, nails and feathers.
What is keratin
200
He discovered a "transforming" substance that could convert nonvirulent R-strain bacteria into pneumonia causing S-strain bacteria.
Who is Frederick Griffith
200
A term that describes the genetic code across all 6 living kingdoms.
What is "universal"
200
The two exposed binding sites on a tRNA molecule.
What are the anticodon and the amino acid binding site.
200
The enzyme that catalyzes mRNA synthesis.
What is RNA polymerase II
200
Important cellular proteins that reduce activation energy for chemical reactions.
What are enzymes
300
These two scientists won a Nobel prize in 1962 for identifying the correct structure of the DNA molecule.
Who are James Watson and Francis Crick
300
This loosely wound structure of DNA allows for gene expression.
What is chromatin
300
Contains a phosphate group, nitrogen base and 5-carbon sugar.
What is a nucleotide
300
The region of a gene to which RNA polymerase binds to initiate RNA synthesis.
What is the promoter
300
Proteins that are released into the blood to act on target cells. Many function to maintain homeostasis.
What are hormones.
400
Her use of X-ray diffraction analysis provided the first clear evidence that DNA has a double helical structure.
Who is Rosalind Franklin
400
Serves as a copy of the genetic code.
What is mRNA
400
The 5-carbon sugar, nitrogen bases, and structure of RNA.
What is ribose, A U G and C, single stranded.
400
The product(s) of transcription
What are mRNA, tRNA and rRNA and (snRNA)
400
A large quarternary protein needed for oxygen transport in blood.
What is hemoglobin
500
Their work with bacteriophages showed that viruses insert DNA, not protein, into a host cell, confirming DNA is the molecule of inheritance.
Who are Hershey and Chase
500
The ability of a cell to read the encoded information on DNA and use it to synthesize protein.
What is gene expression
500
The role of DNA inside the cell
What is control cellular function by directing gene expression.
500
The initial RNA copy of a gene
What is the primary transcript
500
A special cytoplasmic protein that assists in folding newly formed polypeptides into their tertiary structure.
What are chaparonins