Miscellaneous pt.1
A codon comes in with these three nucleotides: UCA, so ___ is the anticodon formed.
AGU
These molecules are found in translation and are chains of amino acids bonded by peptide bonds
What are polypeptides?
This type of RNA is produced in the nucleus from DNA template and it carries genetic information to ribosomes. Found in transcription and translation.
What is mRNA?
The first step of transcription utilizes helicase to unwind DNA to form a complementary RNA, this complementary RNA is formed by RNA _______
What is polymerase?
In elongation, a four step cycle occurs. 1. tRNA in P site holds the growing polypeptide. 2. This tRNA passes the polypeptide to a tRNA in A site. 3. Empty tRNA leaves P site. 4. _________________________
What is Translocation (ribosome moves forward one codon and A site is open for new tRNA)
There are three main causes of mutations: List what falls under environmental influences
- Environmental influences
- Chemical mutagens
- Repair enzymes
What is radiation?
DNA has thymine, RNA has uracil
RNA has ribose, DNA has Deoxyribose
DNA is only in the nucleus, RNA can also be found in the cytoplasm
However, There is another difference, do tell.
What is DNA is double stranded and RNA is single stranded?
What is tRNA?
During transcription, the capping and addition of poly-A tail caps occurs to allow for _______
During this step of translation, mRNA binds to small subunit of ribosome and large subunit then joins
What is initiation?
What are point mutations?
This could be considered the central dogma of molecular biology.
What is DNA to RNA to proteins?
This type of RNA is produced in the nucleolus from DNA template. It joins with proteins to form ribosomes.
What is rRNA?
During transcription, what is removed from the pre-mRNA to leave the coding exons
What are introns?
During translation, this site holds the newly arrived tRNA with the amino acid
What is the A site?
These mutations are adding and deleting nucleotides, usually more severe, and affects all codons after the mutation. Example would be beta-thalassemia (mild anemia)
What are frameshift mutations?
This scientist was the first to suggest the relationship between genes and proteins
Who is Garrod?
What type of RNA is associated with codons, therefore why it correlates with the codon wheel?
What is mRNA?
At the end of transcription, mRNA leaves the nucleus to go to the cytoplasm, where this molecule is (site of protein synthesis)
What is the ribosome?
In translation, this molecule binds mRNA and 2 tRNA molecules
What is a ribosome?
There is only one start codon, but there are _ stop codons
3
This mutation is referred to as "jumping genes," since the pieces of DNA move within and between chromosomes
What are transposons?
What type of RNA is associated with anticodons?
What is tRNA?
If mRNA is not spliced with its exons being the only parts to be not cut, this can occur
What is different versions of mRNA and different proteins?
During translation, this site allows tRNA to attach to a peptide
What is the P site?