Prokaryotic Gene Regulation
A set of multiple protein coding genes that are transcribed into one RNA unit in prokaryotes
What is an operon?
During transcription, the promoter sequence is bound by these molecules.
What are general transcription factors?
The process by which information encoded in a gene
is turned into a function.
What is Gene Expression?
This type of mutation affects the individual only and not any future generations.
What is a somatic cell mutation?
The enzyme that reads the DNA sequence of
the gene and synthesizes the RNA
What is RNA polymerase?
When lactose is not present, this molecule binds to the lac operator DNA, preventing transcription
What is the lac repressor protein?
During transcription, control elements close or far from the gene are bound by these molecules
what are specific transcription factors?
Regulation of gene expression in this type of organism responds to changes in the environment.
What is a unicellular organism?
These are the three types of base substitution mutations that can occur.
This type of mutation does not affect the individual but DOES affect future generations.
What is a germ cell mutation?
When lactose is present, the repressor binds to this molecule instead of the lac operator DNA and becomes inactive.
What is allolactose or an inducer?
These are the two types of control elements that bind either to an activator or repressor.
What are enhancers (bound to activators that +transcription) and silencers (bound to repressors that -transcription)?
Regulation of gene expression in this type of organism determines the functions of its cell types.
What is multicellular organism?
These are environmental agents that can change the structure of DNA
What are mutagens?
DNA sequence at the start of the gene, where RNA
polymerase and many factors that regulate transcription bind
What is the promoter sequence?
What is lacI?
These three regulatory components are necessary for gene transcription to occur.
What are general transcription factors, mediator protein complex, and activators (bound to enhancers of control element)?
The process during which gene regulation most often occurs/primarily occurs.
What is transcription?
Insertions and deletions that are not a multiple of 3 cause this type of mutation.
What is a frameshift mutation?
X-rays are examples of this type of environmental agent which can cause mutations.
What is a physical mutagen?
These are the three genes necessary for producing proteins that allow E.coli to utilize lactose.
What is Lac Z, Lac Y, and Lac A?
This post-transcriptional gene regulatory mechanism can make multiple distinct protein products from the same gene.
What is Alternative Splicing?
What is protein?
This type of mutation occurs when DNA polymerase makes a mistake during replication.
What is a spontaneous mutation?
The lac operon encodes the genes necessary for E.coli to use this type of sugar.
What is lactose?