Fun zone :D
This results from the binding of a transcription
factor to an enhancer region.
What is the recruitment of RNA polymerase?
Consists of a regulator gene, operator, and repressor.
What is in a basic operon?
Most cells within an organism ___________ capable of becoming any cell type.
[NEEDS TO BE FIXED]
genetically identical and totipotent
This helps initiate the transcription of a certain gene.
What is a promoter?
What is one type of chromatin modification?
Histone acetylation loosens chromatin structure, promoting transcription.
DNA methylation reduces transcription.
Gene regulation importance.
What is ensuring that the right genes are expressed at the right times and in the right cells.
What is miRNA?
MicroRNAs are small, single-stranded ncRNAs involved in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional gene regulation.
Prokaryote gene regulation is typically _______. Eukaryotic gene regulation is typically ________.
[NEEDS TO BE FIXED]
Binding of an RNA binding protein will ________ the
stability of the RNA molecule.
a. increase
b. decrease
c. neither increase nor decrease
d. either increase or decrease
d. either increase or decrease
[NEEDS TO BE CHECKED]
Repressor proteins attach to this part of the enzyme.
What is an allosteric site?
What do inducible operons require?
They require an inducer molecule to deactivate the repressor and initiate transcription.
Eukaryotic gene expression involves ______ ______ not present in prokaryotic gene expression.
[NEEDS TO BE FIXED]
nonhistone proteins
What happens during alternative RNA splicing?
Introns are excised, and exons of the same gene are joined. There is also the addition of a 5' cap and a poly-A-tail at the 3' end occurs.
How does a protein get flagged to degrade?
Ubitiquin goes and attaches to the molecule.
a. control of RNA splicing
b. control of RNA shuttling
c. control of RNA stability
What RNA processes are involved in post transcriptional control?
In the trp operon responsible for tryptophan synthesis, it can be turned off by tryptophan, which acts as a ______ in the negative feedback loop.
corepressor
The lac operon consists of regulatory regions such as the promoter as well as the structural genes lacZ, lacY, and lacA, which code for proteins involved in lactose metabolism. What would be the outcome of a mutation in one of the structural genes of the lac operon?
a. Mutation in structural genes will stop transcription.
b. Mutated lacY will produce an abnormal β galactosidase protein.
c. Mutated lacA will produce a protein that will transfer an acetyl group to β galactosidase.
d. Transcription will continue but lactose will not be metabolized properly.
d. Transcription will continue but lactose will not be metabolized properly.
[NEEDS TO BE FIXED]
When does negative gene regulation happen?
[NEEDS TO BE CHECKED]
Negative gene regulation happens with repressible and inducible operons, where a repressor protein binding to the operator site inhibits transcription.
What are siRNAs:
[NEEDS TO BE FIXED]
Small interfering RNAs constitute a class of double-stranded ncRNAs, typically 20-24 base pairs long.
% of the AP exam that is gene regulation.
What is 12-16%?
The regulator gene produces a _______ _______ that can inhibit operon transcription by binding to the operator.
repressor protein
What chemical process permanently deactivates DNA?
DNA methylation
What is an example of an inducible operon?
The lac operon is induced by allolactose, allowing transcription when lactose is present.