Ideologies
Name the ideology associated with Louis XIV
Absolutism, a political theory and form of government in which unlimited, complete power is held by a centralized sovereign individual, with no checks or balances from any other part of the nation or government
Which Renaissance artist painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?
Michaelangelo
Social unrest, Financial crisis, uneven class structures, related to financial and social unrest; Heavy taxes
What was the major religious movement that reshaped Christianity and European society. It challenged the authority of the Catholic Church.
Protestant Reformation
-Martin Luther
-95 theses
-Frowned on selling of indulgences, simony, etc
What social theory, developed by Karl Marx, describes a class struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat?
Marxism
Name 3 Enlightenment or Renaissance Thinkers/Philosophers
Enlightenment: John Locke, Rousseau, Voltaire, Adam Smith, Montesque, Marry wolstencraft, Limp de Gouge, Edmond Burke, Thomas Hobbes, Diderot
Renaissance: Erasmus, Machiaveli, pico della Mirandola, Leonardo Bruni, Thomas more
baroque, Mannerism, Realism, Romanticism, Neo-classicism, Impressionism, Rococo, Modern,
Where did the First and Second Industial Revolution Begin (two separate countries/states)
What war ended religious wars in Europe
(Bonus 100 points for what treaty ended the war)
30 years war
Bonus:Treaty of Westphailia
What social structure in medieval Europe divided society into nobles, clergy, and peasants?
Feudalism
identify and explain/define 3 post 17th century political/social ideologies
Communism-classless society, all propertly publicly owned, all power given to the communist party
Facisim- authoritarian style/nationalistic style, dictator, violent/militarism, scapegoating jews
Conservatism-Preservation of traditional institutions, customs, and values
Liberalism-Individual freedoms, equal rights/opportunity, civil liberty, minimal gov intervention
Socialism-political system advocating for collective or governmental ownership and administration of the means of production, distribution, and exchange.
Which Baroque artist is known for his dramatic use of light and shadow, as seen in works like 'The Calling of St. Matthew'?
Caravaggio
What was the scientific revolution based on and name one thinker from it and what they're known for.
Francis bacon: Scientific method/empirical thought
Issaac Newton: Laws of Motion, developed calculus, etc
Gallileo: Improved telescope, confirmed heliocentric theory
Johannes Kepler: laws of planetary motion
Copernicus: Proposed the heliocentric model (the idea that the Sun, not Earth, is at the center of the universe).
Lutheranism, Calvinism, Anglicanism, Anabaptism, Puritanism
What political system is characterized by rule by a small group of elites?
Oligarchy
What ideology did Hiter and Mussolini follow, and how did their actions show this?
Hitler(Germany): Hitler’s version of fascism, known as Nazism, focused heavily on racial ideology (anti semitism, holocaust, etc) -Totalitarian Rule, Propaganda
Benito Mussolini(Italy): One party state, Militarism/violent, Propaganda, gov controlled production to serve STATE NEEDS
Which Dutch artist painted 'The Night Watch,' a masterpiece of the Dutch Golden Age known for its innovative use of light and composition?
Rembrandt
What 17th century revolution overthrew King James ll of England in exchange for William and Mary and established a constitutional monarchy
Glorious Revolution
What was the catholic revival in Europe called that strengthened doctrine and missionary efforts, and aimed to reinvigorate spiritual life.
Also Required for points: What Council was convened to discuss this reformation
-Council of Trent
Which political structure was established in France after the French Revolution, replacing the monarchy?
The First republic
What is the Political/social ideology that suggests the best action is the one that maximizes overall happiness or utility.(NOT UTOPIAN SOCIALISM)
Who invented it?
Who Furthered it?
2.Jeremy Bentham
3.John Stuart Mill
Crystal palace
-Displayed industrial and technological superiority, statement of dominance proving that Britain was leading the world in industry, empire, and innovation
(Bonus 100 if u can name what event occurred in Crystal palace)
Primarily mid 19th century Revolutions known as "The Springtime of Nations"
Revolutions of 1848
-a wave of revolutions across Europe seeking liberal reforms.
-In France, led to the establishment of the Second French Republic.
-In Germany & Italy, fueled nationalism, but failed to unify the regions.
-In Austria-Hungary, revolts aimed to weaken imperial control, but were crushed.
By the 19th century European societies were becoming more _____, stemming from the _____, centuries before and philosophers like _____ who criticized religious institutions
secular, Enlightenment, Voltaire
What political and social system, prevalent in early modern Europe, was characterized by the intertwining of feudal obligations, manorialism, and the divine right of kings, and was ultimately dismantled by the Enlightenment and revolutionary movements?
Ancien Regime