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Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Misc.
100
Structural genes code for ____________.
Polypeptides
100
Unregulated genes and have constant levels of expression.
What are constitutive or housekeeping genes?
100
Uncontrolled cell division is a characteristic of __________.
Cancer
100
Reveals the number, size, and form or chromosomes in an actively dividing cell.
What is the Karyotype?
100
All of the cells in an organism contain the same ____________, but have different ______________.
Genome; Proteomes
200
The ____________ is where translation takes place.
Ribosome
200
Name the two benefits of gene regulation.
Conserves energy Ensures genes are expressed in an appropriate cell type and at the correct stage of development
200
Change from normal codon to stop codon.
What is nonsense mutation?
200
This is when the cytoplasm divides.
What is cytokinesis?
200
Cluster of genes in bacteria that is controlled by one promoter.
What is an operon?
300
The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template.
What is transcription?
300
Regulation commonly occurs at what stage and why?
Transcription because it's the least waste of energy.
300
Possibly the most important checkpoint in the cell cycle, and the protein associated with it.
G1; p53
300
What are the four phases of the cell cycle in order?
G1, S, G2, M
300
Specific section of DNA that codes for an RNA sequence.
What is a gene?
400
Transcription has three stages. Name them and briefly describe.
Initiation: recognition step Elongation: RNA pol synthesizes RNA 5’ --> 3’ Termination: RNA pol reaches termination sequence
400
LacO codes for:
Operator; site for repressor
400
Promotes cancer by keeping the cell constantly dividing.
What is oncogene?
400
Name the phases of meiosis.
Prophase I, Prometaphase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I Repeat with II
400
What are the two types of cell division in eukaryotes?
Mitosis and Meiosis.
500
What is the central dogma of biology?
DNA --> Transcribed --> RNA --> Translated --> Protein
500
High lactose and high glucose. Lac operon, on or off?
Off
500
Can be passed down from one generation to the next.
What is a germ-line mutation?
500
After telophase II, what remains?
4 haploid genetically identical cells
500
Name and describe the most common type of DNA repair.
Nucleotide excision repair. Region encompassing several nucleotides in the damaged strand is removed, intact