chemistry I
what is the charge on a neutron, and where is it located?
neutral charge; in the nucleus
NaCl is held together by an _______ bond.
ionic.
C6H12O6 is the formula for the carbohydrate called:
glucose
what are the 2 types of prokaryotes.
bacteria and archaea.
the grouping that comes after KINGDOM in the classification hierarchy is:
Phylum
in a covalent bond, electrons are _______ between atoms.
shared.
how many hydrogen atoms are there total in this formula:
6 H2O.
how many oxygen atoms?
12 hydrogens, 6 oxygens
the molecule that forms the bilayer that makes up membranes is called:
phospholipid
list 3 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
1. prokaryotes LACK a nucleus
2. prokaryotes are generally smaller than eukaryotes
3. prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles.
In a binomial, the first part of the name is the genus name, and the second part of the name is the _________name
species
is a water molecule polar or non-polar? explain.
polar: water is h2O. the electrons spend more time around the oxygen than the hydrogens (because oxygen has a higher affinity for electrons).
a TRIPLE covalent bond would involve the sharing of how many electrons?
6
lipids that can acts as hormones such as testosterone are called:
steroids
True or False: both animal cells and plant cells have cell walls.
false. only plant cells have cell walls.
a tentative explanation to a question (that is not backed by a ton of evidence):
hypothesis
how do you determine the number of protons in an atom?
the atomic number = number of protons.
True or False: in a neutral atom, there are typically more protons than electrons.
false. equal number of protons and electrons.
the storage form of glucose in animals is a polysaccharide called _________.
True or False: We have enzymes that can break down this polymer by hydrolysis.
glycogen. true.
an entity that consists of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein capsid is called a __________. what type of microscopy is most useful for viewing this entity?
virus.
electron microscopy (because viruses are so small!)
A student wants to test the effectiveness of washing hands with warm water vs cold water in removing microbes from hands. first, they wash their hands with warm water for 20 seconds, air dry their hands, and touch an agar plate (which grows microbes). then, they wash their hands with cold water for 10 seconds and dry their hands with paper towel. then, they touch an agar plate. what is wrong with this experiment?
the TIME spent washing hands, and the method of drying hands should be CONTROLS in this experiment. the only thing that should be different between the 2 experiments is the temperature of the water.
how many electrons can be held in the second electron orbital?
8
what are the 4 most common elements in living organisms?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
these macromolecules are composed of a glycerol molecule connected to 3 fatty acids:
fat (trigylceride)
2. What do you call the organelle that is responsible for ATP production (cellular respiration)?
3. what do you call the organelle that houses DNA and directs the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins in eukaryotic cells?
1. lysosome
2. mitochondria
3. nucleus
the 4 methods of scientific inquiry?
1. making observations and asking questions
2. developing hypotheses and conducting investigations
3. thinking critically
4. communicating information