Biology Hodgepodge
The type of bond that is formed between the oxygen atom and the two hydrogen atoms inside a water molecule (H-O-H).
What is a polar covalent bond?
An RNA copy of the genetic code in a gene is made by RNA polymerase within the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.
What is transcription?
The type of bond that can form between an oxygen atom in one water molecule and the hydrogen atom of another water molecule because of the opposite partial charges on portions of the two molecules.
What is a hydrogen bond?
Different biological molecules are made up of polymers, linked chains of monomers, connected together using this reaction.
What is dehydration synthesis?
The genotype of an individual who is heterozygous for type A blood.
What is IAi?
The removal of introns and inclusion of specific exons from an RNA transcript.
What is RNA splicing?
They reduce the activation energy of a reaction by stabilizing reaction intermediates or by destabilizing the reactants in a reaction.
What are enzymes?
A type of cellular transport that requires the input of ATP.
What is active transport?
The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide/protein chain.
What is the primary structure of a protein?
The chance that an offspring from two parents who are heterozygous for a gene (Cc x Cc) will have an offspring who has the recessive genotype/phenotype for the gene.
What is 1/4 of the offspring will have the recessive cc genotype and the resulting recessive phenotype?
One is single-stranded while the other is double-stranded. One contains ribose and the other contains deoxyribose.
What are two differences between RNA and DNA?
This condition is what causes the diffusion of a substance from areas where it is more concentrated to areas where it is less concentrated.
What is having a concentration gradient?
This substitution mutation will result in a shortened protein that likely will not function.
What is a nonsense mutation or generally a mutation that introduces a premature STOP codon?
Ribosomes and tRNA read a mRNA molecule and work together to make a protein molecule. This occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.
What is translation?
The alteration of a diseased person's genes for therapeutic purposes. Typically has used a virus to deliver the therapeutic gene of interest to the affected cells.
What is gene therapy?
The adaptive immune response cell that is responsible for making antibodies (the humoral immune response).
What is a B lymphocyte (or B cell)?
The building block or monomer of nucleic acids.
What is a nucleotide?
A form of red-green color blindness is caused by a X-linked recessive allele. Two parents have normal vision and know that they will be having a daughter. The mother's father (soon to be grandpa) has red-green colorblindness. Determine the probability that the soon-to-be born daughter will have colorblindness.
What is zero?
Initiation of transcription, alternative RNA splicing, mRNA exit from nucleus, mRNA degradation, initiation of translation, protein processing, protein transport, and protein degradation.
What are the methods by which eukaryotic gene expression is controlled?
Cell membranes are made up of a flowing bilayer of phospholipids mixed in with diverse proteins, attached carbohydrate chains, and cholesterol molecules.
What is the fluid mosaic model of cell membrane structure?