Electrochemistry
This type of electrochemical cell has a positive voltage or cell potential.
What is a galvanic (or voltaic) cell?
The principle that states, "In any spontaneous process there is always an increase in the entropy of the universe."
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
The Bronsted-Lowry definition of an acid.
What is a proton donor?
The idea that when a system experiences a disturbance (such as concentration, temperature, or pressure changes), it will respond to restore a new equilibrium state.
What is Le Chatelier's principle?
Attractive forces that result when electrons in two adjacent atoms shift to induce temporary dipoles on the atoms.
What are London dispersion or van der Waals forces?
The oxidation state of Mn in MnO4-.
What is +7?
A measure of molecular randomness.
What is entropy?
The Bronsted-Lowry definition of a base.
What is a proton acceptor?
When the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction, and all reactant and product concentrations are constant.
What is equilibrium?
An electrostatic attraction between a hydrogen atom that is covalently bonded to F, O, or N, and an electronegative atom on an adjacent molecule.
What is a hydrogen bond?
Oxidation occurs at this electrode.
What is the anode?
A process with a negative delta G value is said to be this.
What is favorable or spontaneous or forward spontaneous?
The Arrhenius definition of an acid.
What is a species that increases [H+]?
At equilibrium, this is the ratio of the product of the concentrations of the products (raised to their coefficients) to the product of the concentrations of the reactants (raised to their coefficients).
What is the equilibrium constant?
The volume of an atom that occupies a corner of a cubic unit cell.
What is 1/8?
Reduction occurs at this electrode.
What is the cathode?
The sign of delta S for this reaction:
4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) → 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)
What is positive delta S?
The Arrhenius definition of a base.
What is a species that increases [OH-]?
A special name for the equilibrium constant for a solid substance dissolving in an aqueous solution.
What is the solubility product (Ksp)?
A measure of resistance to flow.
What is viscosity?
The number of electrons transferred in this reaction: MnO4- + 8H+ + 5Fe2+→ Mn2+ + 4H2O + 5Fe3+
What is 5 electrons?
The value in kilojoules of the standard free energy of formation for H2 (g).
What is 0 kJ? (The free energy of formation for any element in its standard state is zero.)
The type of species that ammonia (NH3) is.
What is a weak base?
In aqueous solutions at 25 C, this constant has a value of 1 x 10-14.
What is the ion product constant or the autoionization constant (Kw)?
The type of solid formed by C6H12O6.
What is a molecular solid?