Design Basics
This is a creative planning process that leads to useful products and systems.
What is design? (will accept brainstorming)
What is Step One of the design process?
Define the Problem.
The common 2D drawing type also called Multi-View Projection.
What is orthographic projection (multi-view projection)?
What does CAD stand for?
What is computer-aided design?
A group of parts that work together in an organized way to accomplish a task is called a _____.
What is a system?
The term for a new improvement to an existing device or process.
What is innovation?
Which step involves bringing people together to generate many ideas and not criticizing any ideas?
Brainstorm
This 3D drawing uses 30-degree angles and the same scale on every axis.
What is isometric projection?
Give one advantage of CAD over traditional paper drawings.
Advantage example: CAD allows digital storage, easy revision and versioning without damaging the original drawing.
What do you call a system that operates as part of another system?
What is a subsystem?
Requirements that are desired elements and features of a product, usually related to purpose or function.
Example: Would like the car to go from 0 to 100 in 5 seconds.
What are criteria?
Which step uses model building to gather additional information and test design ideas?
Model or Prototype.
A drawing that shows the relationship or order of assembly of parts, often with parts separated for clarity.
What is an exploded view?
Name two differences between 2D CAD views and 3D CAD views (one short phrase each).
2D: shows length and width (flat). 3D: includes depth and can be rotated/manipulated; 3D supports rendering and transparency for internal views.
True or False: A light switch is an example of a closed loop system. Briefly explain your answer.
False — A light switch is an open loop system because it has no automatic regulatory feedback; it requires a person to turn it on or off.
Constraints include things that must be followed or rules that must not be broken. Name three examples of constraints from the lesson.
Examples: Time, Budget, Safety (also acceptable: Codes, Physical attributes like size/weight/color).
Name two purposes of building a prototype or model during the design process.
Purposes: to test function/performance, identify problems, gather data, and evaluate how well criteria are met. (Any two)
What is an as-built drawing and why is it important? (one sentence)
An as-built drawing is a revised set of drawings submitted after completion that reflects all changes made during construction; it documents the actual final construction.
Describe two safety rules students should follow when using a 3D printer in the classroom.
Examples: 1) Never touch the hot nozzle or heated bed; allow parts to cool before removing. 2) Keep long hair and loose clothing away; wear safety glasses when removing supports or sanding prints.
Name the type of control system that includes an automatic feedback loop, and give one everyday example (not thermostat).
A closed loop system — Example: cruise control in a car (automatically adjusts throttle to keep a set speed) or an automatic shower temperature regulator.
True or False: A perfect design exists and does not require iteration. Explain your answer in one sentence.
False — Designs are rarely perfect and require iteration and improvements.
During testing you discover a safety hazard. According to the design process, what should you do next and why? (one or two sentences)
Stop testing and fix the safety hazard (refine the design) because safety is a constraint that cannot be ignored.
Describe the difference between a working drawing and a red-line drawing in two sentences.
Working drawing: conveys all information needed to manufacture/assemble a design (typically includes multiple views and dimensions). Red-line drawing: an intermediate drawing showing corrections or changes to a previous drawing, often marked in red. The red-line shows amendments before final revision
What file format is most commonly used to send 3D models to a 3D printer?
STL is the most common; others include .OBJ and .3MF
Describe two advantages of closed loop systems over open loop systems in one or two sentences.
Advantages example: Closed loop systems automatically correct for disturbances and keep the output near a desired value, improving consistency and reducing the need for human intervention. (Any equivalent two-sentence explanation is acceptable.)