The Nervous System
This branch of the peripheral nervous system controls voluntary muscle movement.
What is the somatic nervous system?
These are the four basic types of touch receptors in the skin.
Pressure, vibration, temperature, and pain
This is the term that refers to the brain adapting to a drug, requiring higher doses to achieve the same effect.
What is tolerance?
This is the structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain, allowing communication between them.
What is the corpus callosum?
This structure--shaped like a sea-horse--is essential for forming new memories.
What is the hippocampus?
The tiny space between neurons into which neurotransmitters are released is called this.
What is the synaptic cleft?
These are the two main divisions of the autonomic nervous system.
What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?
The sensory cortex for touch is located in this lobe of the brain.
What is the parietal lobe?
This category of drugs acts as dopamine agonists and produces euphoria and increased alertness.
What are stimulants?
Regulating sleep, arousal, and coordinating movement between hemispheres is the function of this tiny brainstem structure.
What is the pons?
Processing fear and aggression are most closely associated with the function of this almond-shaped structure of the limbic system.
What is the amygdala?
When neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by the 'sending' neuron, this process is occurring.
What is reuptake?
This part of a neuron carries the electrical signal away from the cell body.
What is the axon?
Awareness of body position and awareness of movement are these two senses.
What are proprioception and kinesthesia?
This neurotransmitter system is what most hallucinogens act upon.
What is serotonin?
The middle groove between the two hemispheres of the brain is called this.
What is the central sulcus?
This limbic structure connects emotion to the sense of smell.
What is the olfactory bulb?
Providing support, nutrients, and insulation for neurons is the job of these nervous system cells.
What are glial cells?
This is what causes the resting potential of a neuron.
What is the difference in charge inside vs. outside the neuron due to ion distribution?
These are the four distinctive types of mechanoreceptors in our skin.
What are:
-Merkel disks
-Meissner's corpuscles
-Ruffini corpuscles, and
-Pacinian corpuscles
This class of drugs depresses the central nervous system and can be highly addictive when combined with alcohol.
What are barbiturates (or benzodiazepines)?
Damage to Broca’s area affects this ability.
What is speech production?
The limbic system works closely with this brain structure to regulate hormones and basic drives.
What is the hypothalamus?
Within a neuron, communication is electrical; between neurons, it’s this.
What is chemical (neurotransmitters release across synapses)?
During an action potential, this ion rushes into the neuron to cause depolarization.
What is sodium?
This theory proposes that the spinal cord can “open or close” neural openings to modulate pain signals.
What is gate theory?
These are the two distinct actions of agonists and antagonists, respectively, on neurotransmitter function.
What are enhancing (agonists) and blocking (antagonists)?
The specialization of functions in one hemisphere of the brain is called this.
What is lateralization?
Damage to the hippocampus on both sides of the brain would most likely cause this deficit.
What is anterograde amnesia?
Re-polarization allows a neuron to return to this after firing.
What is its resting potential?