Learning
In ________ conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus unconditionally elicits a reaction. For example, a bit of black pepper blown into the eye produces a blinking response.
Classical
_ are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences.
Concepts
For many in the baby-boom generation, the Kennedy assassination represents a ________, an exceptionally clear recollection of an important event.
flashbulb memory
What do psychologists call a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience?
learning
Tabetha has a mental picture of the layout of her house, also called a ________, so when she comes home late at night she can navigate through the rooms without turning on a light.
Manalo taught to use a special mnemonic device to remember answers to a test , but he does not demonstrate this skill until his end-of-the-year sociology exam . This is an example of ________.
latent learning
Fabi has a teacup and a dull knife. She wants to sharpen her knife, but does not realize that she can use the bottom of a teacup to do so. She is experiencing?
functional fixedness
Ashley can consciously remember and recalls the time she spilled cup of noodles on herself when she opened a cabinet door. What type of memory is this?
Explicit Memory
A(an) ________ involves approaching a problem in a way that has worked in the past, but it is clearly no longer working.
Dimitri and Rita eat some donuts for breakfast and then spend the morning at an amusement park. After a few hours of riding the Super Looper Double Twist Dimitri feels nauseous and regurgitates the donuts. Rita is fine, but Dimitri has developed a ________, and the next time they stop for donuts, Dimitri immediately feels ill.
Conditioned taste aversion
What was the major flaw with John Watsons experiment on Little Albert?
It is unethical to induce fear into a child
Car crashes often occur more often and kill more individuals than plane crashes. However, Lee sees plane accidents as more dangerous because he often hears about plane crashes on the nightly news, and he doesn’t know anyone who has been in a car crash Therefore, Lee takes more precaution when getting onto a plane than he does when driving his car. This exemplifies ________.
availability heuristic
David is struck on the back of the head and finds, while he can remember his life up to the time he was struck on the head, he can no longer make new memories. David has ________ amnesia.
anterograde
Forgetting anything good that happened on your trip to France because you just broke up with your French fiancée and now can’t bear the thought of anything French is a good example of ________: Memories are distorted by your current belief system.
bias
Mia is taught to go to sleep when the light is turned off. However, for many months Mia no longer falls asleep when the light is turned off. Later, Mia begins to fall asleep when the light is turned off again. This is an example of ________.
spontaneous recovery
Sarah's mom promises her that she can have her car back if she does all her homework on time and chores by Friday. What is Sarah's mom using?
Positive reinforcement
An anchoring bias occurs when you focus on ________.
A) direct experience versus indirect experience
B)empirical knowledge versus personal opinion
C)one piece of information versus all of the information
D) personal opinion versus empirical knowledge
George memorizes the German poem “The Erlking” to recite in his eighth grade German class. He remembers it well for weeks after the presentation, but gradually his ability to recite the poem fades. This is an example of ________, one of the seven sins of memory.
transcience
Lisa puts five quarters into the parking meter every time she goes downtown. However, when asked, Lisa cannot say if the head on a quarter is facing left or right. This may be an example of ________, because Lisa never paid attention to the picture in the first place.
A)effortful processing
B)effortless processing
C)encoding failure
D)enigmatic processing
C)encoding failure
Gabrielle watches her father put batteries into her toy phone, and she is then able to put the batteries into the toy phone herself without further instruction from her father. In this example, Gabrielle’s father is a ________.
model
Bridget has difficulty spelling words correctly while writing and mixes up letters within words and sentences. Which learning disability does she have?
Walt struggles to write legibly and has a difficult time putting his thoughts on paper. Which learning disability does he have?
dyslexia, dysgraphia
Why are event schemata difficult to change? They are _______
automatic
Which of the following is a way police have changed their interrogation techniques to lower the risk of false memory syndrome? Police have ________.
A)decided to only prosecute cases with DNA evidence
B)modify the way witnesses are questioned
C)required new officers to study psychology and learn about false memory syndrome
D) spoken to victim advocacy groups to learn more about sensitivity
B) modify the way witnesses are questioned
WHY?
Parents of African American students filed a case against the state of California in 1979 because they believed the testing method used to identify students with learning disabilities________.
A) did not identify enough African American children in need of special education
B) disadvantaged their children by placing them in special education classes
C) resulted in less funding
D)was culturally unfair as the tests were normed and standardized using White children
D)was culturally unfair as the tests were normed and standardized using White children
Ben is asked to memorize the words canine, feline, and avian. He remembers the words by associating them with their synonyms: dog, cat, and bird. This is an example of ________ encoding.
semantic encoding