Combustion!
From where does the energy in most living organisms ultimately originate?
The sun
What is an organism that produces their own food?
A producer
In what order does the body prefer to burn the macronutrients?
Carbohydrates, then fats, and then proteins
What type of animal cannot be active on a very cold day: endothermic or ectothermic animal?
Ectothermic
The process of combustion is extremely _____________.
Complex
What does combustion require?
Oxygen and fuel
What is a consumer?
Organism that eats other organisms
What do calories measure?
Energy. (How much energy is in food, or how much energy organisms need to live).
Does an endothermic or ectothermic animal have a higher BMR?
Endothermic
Why is it important to eat either animal protein (or for vegetarians, a wide variety of plant protein)?
You must get several essential amino acids from food (so your cells can make proteins they need).
What does combustion produce?
Energy, carbon dioxide, and water.
Vultures are decomposers. T/F and why?
False. They don't recycle dead matter; they just eat it for energy
What are two basic kinds of fats and how can you distinguish them?
Saturated fats (solid at room temp) and unsaturated fats (liquid at room temp).
When normalized by weight, which has a higher BMR: a horse or a mouse?
Mouse.
What is the process called where producers use energy from the sun, carbon dioxide, and water to make sugar known as glucose and oxygen called?
Photosynthesis
Where does 2/3 of human combustion take place (specifically)?
In the mitochondria in the cell.
Metabolic rate is made of what 2 things?
BMR and the amount of activity you engage in every day
How many amino acids do your cells manufacture themselves? How many do you have to provide through food?
11. 9.
Cooler body temperatures result in slower speed at which _______ ________ occur in ectothermic animals.
Chemical reactions
_______________________ are fats that cannot be produced by the body and thus must be eaten or obtained through your diet.
Essential Fats
What are the 3 basic steps involved in the combustion of food?
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and Electron Transport System.
Give an example of a monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide.
What is protein made of?
Long strings of amino acids.
Why do smaller mammals have larger normalized metabolic rates?
It has a higher percentage of its total body exposed to the air, so it has to use more energy to heat it.
In what step does oxygen combine with hydrogen to make water and a large release of energy?
Electron transport system