Scientists in History
Best known for his book, The Origin of Species and an early proponent of evolution and natural selection
Charles Darwin
An educated guess that attempts to answer a question or explain an observation
Hypothesis
A device that either multiplies or redirects a force
Simple machine
The process of counting tree rings to determine the age of a tree
Dendrochronology
The decayed remains of once-living creatures
Came up with the first way to classify living creatures and was a proponent of the idea of spontaneous generation
Aristotle
A hypothesis that has been supported with a significant about of data
The amount by which force or motion is magnified in a simple machine
Mechanical advantage
Objects made by people, such as tools, weapons, containers, etc.
Artifacts
The process by which rocks are broken down to form sediments
Weathering
He gathered data about heliocentrism but was forced by his church to publicly reject it
Galileo
An example that contradicts a conclusion
Counter Example
A push or pull exerted on an object in an effort to change that object's velocity
Force
When artifacts are found in rock or earth that is layered, the deeper layers hold the older artifacts
Principle of Superposition
The view that most of earth's geological features are the result of large-scale catastrophes such as floods, volcanic eruptions, etc.
Catastrophism
Wrote a book in 1543 laying out his idea that the sun is at the center of everything
Copernicus
True or false: You cannot use the scientific method to study the origins of the planet
False
The mechanical advantage of a first-class lever in which the fulcrum is 5 inches from the resistance and 20 inches from the effort.
4
The benefit of the doubt is to be given to the document itself, not assigned by the critic to himself
Aristotle's Dictum
The three basic types of rock
Igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary
Remembered for the first detailed atomic theory
Dalton
Name at least 2 of the 3 limitations of science as discussed in Module 2?
Science can never prove anything, is not 100% reliable, has to conform to the scientific method
List the 6 types of simple machines
Lever, Wheel and Axle, Wedge, Inclined Plane, Screw and Pulley
The three tests for evaluating a document's reliability
Internal test, external test, bibliographic test
When sedimentary rock rests on top of igneous or metamorphic rock, the unconformity that lies between them is called this.
Nonconformity