Molecular Biotechnology
what does molecular biotechnology involve.
Involves the manipulation of genetic
material (DNA and RNA) from living
things, usually for the benefit of
humans.
How are enzymes commonly used to manipulate genetic materials
enzymes are commonly used to manipulate genetic
material by:
Isolating and cutting specific sections of DNA.
Joining sections of DNA together
Creating additional copies of DNA.
what does ligation of dna involve
Recognition sites are between 4 and 8 base pairs in length and have a special type of symmetry known as a palindromic sequence.
what is the purpose of transgenesis
the purpos eof transgenesis is to obtain organisms with a new and desireble genetic makeup
have certain species of bacteria been used
yes they have been used successfully on crops
what are The concepts which are covered in this topic form
The concepts which are covered in this
topic form part of a larger molecular
biotechnology ‘tool kit’ of techniques
that are used in genetic engineering.
where are restriction enzymes found
restriction enzymes are found in many bacterial species as part of their defence systems.
what is dna ligation often reffered to as
it is often reffered to as molecular glue
what does it create
this creates new proteins and traits which are generally not present or expressed
how is frost damage prevented
by removing the gene for the protein frost damage is prevented
what is the purpose of gene cloning
The purpose of gene cloning is to make many copies of a gene to study
and/or manipulate it.
how are restriction enzymes used
They are used by scientists as ‘molecular scissors’ to make accurate cuts in double-stranded DNA molecules at specific sequences called recognition sites.
which sequence does dna ligation join
dna ligation joins the desired sequence of the dna to the plasmid
what does it mean
this means that a specific dna sequence will code for the same protein in all organisms
why can transgenic bacteria be engineered
it can be engineered to break down pollutants
what does gene cloning use
Gene cloning uses recombinant DNA inserted into a plasmid
where are the recognition sites between
Recognition sites are between 4 and 8 base pairs in length and have a special type of symmetry known as a palindromic sequence.
name one example of ligation of dna
glowing tobacco plants
what are called transgenic organisms
organisms that contain functional recumbinent dna, such as the glowing tobacco plant are called transgenic organisms
what can the transgenic bacteria degrade
it can degrade oil
what does The process of making recombinant DNA involve
The process of making recombinant DNA
involves:
2.cutting DNA into small fragments
1.inserting it into another organism of the
same or a different species.
it is usually done using a what
it is usually done using a vector
what does the glow of the glowing tobacco plants indicate
it indicates that the cells of the plant are expressing the firefly gene by making the enzyme
what are transgenic organisms useful in
they are useful in agriculture, medicine and industry
what can transgenic bacteria prouce
it can produce medicine in hospitals to treat human diseases