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Test. What Test?
Alphabet Soup
Family Affair
All My Cousins
Gedmatch Tools
100
These are 3 types of genetic tests available to the genealogist.
What are Ydna, Mitochondrial dna, and Autosomal dna tests?
100
Numbered markers within a chromosome that describe the location of a match segment by indicating start and end points are measured in these units.
What are Base Pairs, BPs?
100
You inherit roughly 25% of your dna from each of these people.
Who are your grandparents?
100
Sometimes, I find a cousin with a great match but neither one of us knows how we are connected. Using "in common with" tools can help us find more matches common to both of us so we can form this group for study.
What is triangulation?
100
This link on the Gedmatch home page is the one that shows me all my matches sorted from largest amount of shared cM to smallest.
What is "One to Many" matches?
200
This test is used to determine surname and patrilineal line because it is passed from father to son.
What is Ydna?
200
These are tiniest pieces of information contained in a chromosome. There are thousands of them per chromosome. They are compared between two people to see if they match.
What are SNPs, or single-nucleotide polymorphisms?
200
These siblings share a whopping 6800cM match.
What are identical twins?
200
The likelihood of this phenomenon says that cousins will only share DNA if they happen to have inherited that DNA from their shared ancestors. With each generation that separates the cousins, the probability that they share DNA decreases, because with every generation it is more likely that they will not inherit DNA from their ever-more-remote shared ancestors.
What is randomness?
200
I found a person with really high cM match. I would use this tool to discover what other matches we share in common.
What is "People who match 1 or both kits"?
300
This tests looks at 22 matching pairs of chromosomes, called homologues, and 1 mismatched pair of sex chromosomes. You receive half of these chromosomes from each parent. You will find many previously unknown cousins while attempting to identify the common ancestor.
What is Autosomal dna?
300
Sometimes SNPs marker values match between two people simply by chance. And sometimes they match because they were passed down from a common ancestor. The value must be ≥ 7 cM to be considered to come from a common ancestor. Identify these types of matches.
What are IBS or Identical By State, and IBD or Identical By Descent?
300
The process of the rearrangement of genetic material, especially by crossing over in chromosomes.
What is recombination?
300
A shared segment is one which both you and a match have. An ________ segment is one which is passed down from an ancestor. It is passed to you from your parents, who got it from their ancestors.
What is ancestral?
300
I found several people with matches in common. I use this tool to compare all their kits at the same time.
What is "Multiple Kit Analysis"?
400
L1c3a...R-M269...These groups identified by letter/number combinations indicate genetic population groups of people who share a common ancestor on the patrilineal or matrilineal line.
What is a haplogroup?
400
This term describes a measure of genetic linkage. "Match length" is described by this unit and the larger the better when attempting to find a common ancestor. You will share more of these with your parents and siblings that anyone else if you are lucky enough to test them.
What is a centimorgan, cM?
400
A match on this chromosome can comfirm or rule out specific ancestors from your search for MRCA.
What is the X Chromosome?
400
After 5 generations, the difficulty in finding common ancestors increases. We are less likely to share the same segments with other descendants. We should look for many descendants and this phenomenon to guide our search.
What are "multiple matching segments"?
400
Once I have keyed my kits into the Multiple Kit Analyzer and submit them, I choose this tool to compare segment matches and look for overlapping segments.
What is "2D Chromosome Comparison"?
500
This type of dna exists outside of the cells nuclei and comes only from the mother. It is very stable and rarely mutates. Common ancestors may have existed hundreds or thousands of years earlier. It can be used to verify a common matrilineal line, but is not very useful in finding recent common relatives.
What is Mitochondrial dna?
500
When the SNPs for BOTH of your chromosomes are identical to someone else's, this is called a Full Identical match. When the SNP of one of your chromosomes matches the corresponding SNP in only one of someone else's chromosomes it is called a _____ match.
What is Half Identical Match?
500
In the process of recombination, sometimes a segment may get passed down untouched for several generations or some ancestors' dna may not get passed down to you at all. In the picture***, this grandparent doesn't appear in the dna of child.
Who is the Maternal Grandmother?
500
The process of systematically testing known relatives to determine which portions of their chromosomes were inherited from which of their ancestors, and then charting those matches across individual chromosomes.
What is Chromosome Mapping?
500
I found a beautiful stack of matching and nearly matching overlapping segments. Oh boy, more cousins!!! I can't wait to contact them with the news that we all match........But, first......I must use this tool to compare each person to every other person to verify the match and/or sort them into 2 or more groups.
What is the "One to One" compare tool?