DNA
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What does RNA stand for?
Ribonucleic Acid
What is transcription?
The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA
What is translation?
The process of synthesizing a protein from an mRNA template
what is the shape of DNA?
Double Helix
Which base is found in RNA but not in DNA?
Uracil
Which enzyme is crucial for the transcription process?
RNA Polymerase
Where does translation occur in the cell?
On the ribosome
which four bases make up the DNA molecule?
Adenine,Thymine,Cytosine,guanine
What are the three main types of RNA?
mRNA (messenger RNA), tRNA (transfer RNA), rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
What is the name of the region where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription?
Promoter
What molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome during translation?
tRNA (transfer RNA)
who are the scientists credited with discovering the structure of DNA?
James Watson and Francis crick
What is the primary function of mRNA?
To carry the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis
In eukaryotes, what is the initial RNA transcript called before processing?
Pre-mRNA
What is the sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that codes for an amino acid called?
Codon
what is the process by which DNA is copied called?
DNA Replication
Where in the cell does RNA synthesis occur?
In the nucleus
Name one modification that occurs to pre-mRNA before it becomes mature mRNA.
Addition of a 5' cap, addition of a poly-A tail, or splicing out introns
What are the start and stop codons?
Start codon: AUG; Stop codons: UAA, UAG, UGA
Explain the central dogma of molecular biology.
The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to RNA to Protein. It states that DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.