GMO
What is GMO?
Genetically Modified Organisms.Genetic modification displayed into the genome of an organism.
When does the discovery & experimentation of genes begin?
In 1866 with Gregor Mendel experimenting with selective breeding.
Name one benefit and one negative consequence of GMOs
Increased crop yield, decreased waste, decreased insect hard, cost effectiveness...
Potential health hazards, pest-resistant development, dishonesty...
What is BT?
BT is short for Bacillus thuringiensis, a bacteria found in soil.
What is presently being genetically altered?
Animals, Crops, Medication
Who fostered the genetic engineering of BT Corn?
Herbert Boeyer and Stanley Cohen
By what percent has chemical waste and non-targeted insect harm decreased since production of GMO BT Corn?
70%
The pesticidal traits are passed down through generations, and the genomic level leaves little/no lasting effects.
Why doesnt BT effect organisms other than targeted?
Other organisms do not have the correct receptors on their midgut cells.
Which organizations are involved with GMOs?
FDA, USDA, WHO, and EPA
What is the difference in roles between the FDA and the USDA?
The FDA is broader, focusing on mainly food, drugs, and cosmetics. The USDA, a subsection of the FDA within the United States, specifically measures food and agriculture
What are the long-term effects of GMOs?
We don't know.
They could continue to be helpful or become harmful to humans, environments, and other organisms.
How does BT cause insect death?
The toxins bind to the receptors on the lining of the insect's midgut cells due to the presence of the six-membered crystalline structure, releasing toxins that accumulate and lead to osmosis of the cell, and eventually cell lysis.
What are the steps of Genetic Engenerring?
2. Sequence is inserted into a plasmid vector.
3. Plasmid vector is then grown with seed of other organism
4. Crop is grown, validated, and mass produced
When was the Coordinated Framework for Regulation of Biotechnology found & what organizations formed it?
1986 with modifications done in 2017.
Formed by the FDA, USDA, and EPA.
GMOs effecting beneficial insects is an argument presented pro- or anti- GMO?
Both.
Anti-GMO debates worry about the risks on beneficial organisms based on overexaggerated studies
Pro-GMO supports because of the absence of effect on beneficial organisms comparative to spray on pesticides.
What is the specific protein that developed what specific toxin utilized from BT?
The Cry (Crystalline) protein that codes for the Delta endotoxin