Reproduction
These two cells form to create a zygote
What is a gamete?
The genotypic ratio of a cross between two organisms heterozygous for a single trait
What is 1:2:1?
The observable characteristics or traits of an organism
What is a phenotype?
Also known as trisomy 21
What is Down Syndrome?
A couple with blood type A and AB cannot produce a child with this blood type
What is Blood Type O?
The exchange of chromosomal segments between a pair of homologous chromosomes
What is crossing over?
A cross between a parents of an unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive parent
What is a test cross?
Two identical alleles for a particular trait
What is homozygous?
Colour blindness is an example of this type of genetic disorder
What are X-Linked disorders?
Known as the father of genetics
Who is Gregor Mendel?
The cellular process that produces cells containing half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
What is meiosis?
A grid used to illustrate all possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from genetic crosses
What is a Punnett Square?
The passing of genes from parents to offspring
What is heredity?
A disorder that appears sporadically throughout generations, in a pedigree
What is Autosomal Recessive?
The Second stage of mitosis
What is metaphase?
A cell that contains half the number of chromosomes as the parents cell
What is a haploid?
A cross of two individuals that differ in two traits due to two different genes
What is a dihybrid cross?
When a blending of traits occurs
What is incomplete dominance?
Blood clotting disorder that affected the royal family
What is Hemophilia?
Types of cells that undergo mitosis
What are somatic (body) cells?
Reproduction that requires two parents and produces genetically identical offspring
What is sexual reproduction?
Shown as a shaded in square on a pedigree
What is an infected male?
Two different alleles for a particular trait
What is heterozygous?
The failure of homologous chromosome pairs or sister chromatids to separate during meiosis
What is nondisjunction?
An event that contributes to genetic variation and occurs during metaphase I and anaphase I
What is Independent Assortment?