DNA Replication
2nd step of DNA replication
What is primase
3 types of RNA
What is mRNA,tRNA,rRNA
two types of frameshift mutation
What is insertion and deletion
known as a genetically identical copy of a
gene or of an organism.
What is a clone
Direction of a DNA strand (Hint: 2 numbers)
What is the 5 to 3 direction
Function of ligase
What is the glue to attach nucleotides
another name for tRNA
What is an anticodon
type of mutation that changes the amino acid to a STOP
What is nonsense mutation
Another name for transgenic organisms
What are Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)
definition of semi-conservative DNA strands
What is the process of DNA replication where each newly formed double helix consists of one original strand from the parent molecule and one newly synthesized complementary strand
Function of DNA polymerase that prevents mutations from occurring
What is proofreading
portion of the sequence removed
What are introns
Prime examples of this mutation is missense, nonsense and silent
What are substitution mutations
DEFINTION: choosing organisms with the
most desired traits and having them serve as
parents. Can be readily seen in production of food,
pet trade and gardening
What is selective breeding
structure of RNA
What is a phosphate group, ribose sugar and bases (A,U,G,C)
Area where the helicase begins the process
What is the replication fork
What is the origin
Which type of substitution is taken place
* Normal strand of mRNA:
AUG-GUA-CCG-AAU-UAU-UAG
* Mutated strand of mRNA:
AUG-GUA-CCA-AAU-UAU-UAG
What is silent mutation
(CCG and CCA both code for pro!)
Name one harmful and one beneficial mutation
ANSWERS CAN VARY!!!!
Area where the DNA is loaded in gel electrophoresis to separate a mixture of DNA fragments from each other
What are the wells
name of the 3 steps of PCR
What is denaturing, annealing and extension
Part of the process responsible for grouping the new strand of nucleotides in groups of 3 to prepare for naming proteins
What are okazaki fragments
What are the AMINO ACID exons of the following DNA sequence
CCG-GGC-AUG-ACC-AGA-UGA-UCU-AAA
What are met-thr-arg-stop
Type of point mutation covered in class resulting from one nucleotide substitution that occurs in the hemoglobin gene that changes the shape of red blood cells that blocks blood flow
What is sickle cell
controversies of cloning mentioned in class (Must name all 3!!!)
* The success rate in mammals is very low.
* Clones are not always as healthy as the
original.
* Cloning reduces biodiversity.
Deletion, Inversion, Translocation, Nondisjunction, Duplication, Insertion are all examples of what type of mutation?
What are chromosomal mutations