Vocabulary
Structures on the chromosome that carry genetic information and determine traits.
What are genes?
The scientific study of heredity
Genetics
The molecule in chromosomes that contains the instruction for cells.
What is DNA?
The father of modern genetics.
Gregor Mendel
An allele that appears in the phenotype of an organism when it is present.
Dominant allele.
An allele that is hidden when a dominant allele is present.
Recessive allele.
The type it takes for an organism to mature from birth to reproductive age.
Generation
The amount of alleles that make up a gene.
The complete set of genes an organism carries for all traits.
What is genotype?
What an organism looks like.
Phenotype.
Fertilization in a flower is called ...
Pollination
Organisms that undergo sexual reproduction get their genes in this way ... (amount and from who)
What is 1 from each parent?
Gary, who is heterozygous for large ears, marries Willemina who is heterozygous for large ears. Using the letter E for Ears, use a Punnett Square to determine the possible phenotypes for their children. List the percentages of each possibility.
75% large ears
25% small ears
An organism that has two dominant alleles for a specific trait is called ...
Purebred or homozygous
An organism with one dominant allele and one recessive allele for a trait can be called ...
Hybrid or Heterozygous
What is the probability of producing green pea plants from a cross between a Hybrid green pea plant, and a homozygous recessive pea plant?
50%
The term for different forms of a gene.
What is "allele?"
A device used to show the possible genotypes for the offspring of two parents.
What is a Punnett Square?
A sudden change in the genetic makeup of an organism.
What is a mutation?
Round eyes (R) are dominant over square eyes (r). One parent is HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT for round eyes, and one parent is HETEROZYGOUS for round eyes. What are the possible genotypes of the offspring?
RR, Rr Homozygous dominant, Heterozygous
The way human traits are different from Mendel's simple pea plants.
They are determined by multiple genes.