Vocab 1
Scientific study of heredity
Genetics
An organism's physical appearance or physical traits
Phenotype
Shaded symbol on a pedigree chart represents this
Passing of traits from parents to offspring
Heredity
How many chromosomes are in normal body cells
46
Any change in the DNA of a gene or a chromosome
Mutation
Allele that is hidden whenever the other type of allele is present
Recessive Allele
Circle on the Pedigree Chart represents this
Female
Number that describes how likely it is that a particular event will occur
Probability
The number of chromosomes in gametes
23
Offspring of crosses that has two different alleles for a trait
Hybrid
Threadlike structure within a cell's nucleus that contains DNA that is passed from one generation to the next
Chromosome
How many cells are present at the end of Meiosis I
2
If two homozygous recessive parents cross, the percentage of offspring with dominant trait
0%
What is the 23rd chromosome pair in girls
XX
The four names of the bases in DNA
Thymine, Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine
Type of RNA that carries an amino acid to the ribosome during protein synthesis
Transfer RNA
Shortest phase of Meiosis
Metaphase I
If one homozygous recessive parent and heterozygous parent cross, the percentage of offspring showing recessive trait
50%
Mutation when the stop codon gets reached too early is called this
Nonsense Mutation
The process of matching mRNA sequences to amino acids
Translation
Besides difference in sugar name two differences between DNA and RNA
Uracil in RNA, Single Strand in RNA
How many cells are present at the end of Meiosis II and how many chromosomes does each cell have
4; 23
If two heterozygous parents cross; the percentage of offspring that are homozygous dominant
25%
Mutation in which a nitrogen base is changed, but the amino acid remains unchanged
Silent Mutation