Basic Genetics
Genes are made of this.
What is DNA?
A mistake in a gene.
What is a mutation?
When humans breed organisms of the same species to accentuate certain traits.
What is artificial selection?
The purpose of reproduction.
What is survival of the species?
The genes for hair color are B (brown) and b (blonde). The probability that two heterozygous parents will produce a blonde child.
Set up and complete the Punnett square.
What is 25%?
A cell with no nucleus.
What is a prokaryote?
Genes are found on these structures.
What are chromosomes?
These are the three things that can cause a mutation to occur.
What are exposure to radiation, exposure to chemicals, and a mistake made by the cell when copying its DNA.
This is an example of artificial selection.
(Name the organism and the trait that the organism was bred for).
What is ______________________ ?
When two parents contribute genetic material to offspring.
What is sexual reproduction?
The genes for hair color are B (brown) and b (blonde). The probability that a heterozygous father and homozygous recessive mother will produce a blonde child.
Set up and complete the Punnett square.
What is 50%?
The "Father of Modern Genetics".
Who is Gregor Mendel?
The part of the cell that contains chromosomes.
What is the nucleus?
Mutations that do not affect the fitness of an organism.
What are neutral mutations.
The first organism that humans artificially selected.
What is the dog?
These are two examples of sexual reproduction.
What are cross-pollination and egg/sperm?
The genes for hair color are B (brown) and b (blonde). The probability that a homozygous dominant father and a heterozygous mother will produce a blonde child.
Set up and complete the Punnett square.
What is 0%?
A cell produced when a cell divides.
What is a daughter cell?
The number of genes in every human body cell.
What is 20,000?
This can affect how your genes are expressed.
What is the environment?
These are two plants that humans artificially selected to produce more and better food after agriculture was invented.
What are corn and wheat?
When one parent contributes genes to offspring.
What is asexual reproduction?
The reason that there cannot be a child produced with a recessive trait if one parent is homozygous dominant.
What is because the homozygous dominant parent can only pass a dominant gene to its offspring?
A disease caused by a single letter mutation in a gene.
Sickle cell anemia
Tay sachs
The number of chromosomes in every human body cell AND in every human egg or sperm cell.
What is 46 (body) and 23 (egg/sperm)?
What is epigenetics?
When humans change one or more genes in an organism's genome by adding, deleting, or altering a gene.
What is genetic modification?
These are four examples of asexual reproduction.
What are self-pollination, runners, budding, and mitosis?
What we call genes that cause a mixed trait, for example when a red gene and a white gene cause a red and white flower.
What are co-dominant genes?
What we extracted DNA from in the lab.
What are bananas?
Genes are the recipes for these.
What are proteins?
This is an example of epigenetics.
What is ______________ ?
This is an example of a genetically modified organism. (Give the organism and the trait produced).
What is ______________ ?
This is the benefit of sexual reproduction.
What is increased variation?
What we call genes that cause a blended trait. For example, when a red gene and a white gene cause a pink flower.
What are incomplete dominant genes?
The amount of DNA that humans share with a banana.
What is 50%?