DNA/RNA Structure
More DNA/RNA structure
Protein Synthesis I
Protein Synthesis II
Vocab
DNA Replication
100
This is what DNA stands for
Deoxyribonucleic acid
100
Where can DNA not go?
Out of the nucleus
100
In order for genes to be expressed (“made” so to speak), what two processes must occur?
Transcription and Translation
100
Which process of protein synthesis comes first
transcription
100
A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.
DNA
100
One side of a DNA strand has the following sequence. What is the complimentary sequence found on the opposite side?
5' ATTCCG 3'
3' TAAGGC 5'
200
What are the building blocks (monomers) that compose DNA and RNA?
Nucleotides
200
What makes up the “sides” of the DNA ladder?
Alternating sugar and phosphate units
200
This protein adds complementary RNA bases to a strand of DNA during transcription
RNA Polymerase
200
What happens to the DNA strand after transcription is completed?
It zips back up
200
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
200
An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA
Helicase
300
A relatively weak bond that forms between the two nitrogen bases holding the two sides of the DNA molecule together.
Hydrogen Bond
300
What purpose does DNA serve in a cell?
Store and transmits genetic information
300
Name the three types of RNA.
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
300
What is the function of ribosomal RNA?
Makes up the ribosome
300
A sequence of three nitrogen bases is called a _____ and is the code for one _____.
Codon
Amino Acid
300
DNA polymerase is responsible for what two (main) processes?
Pairing new DNA bases with old DNA bases and proofreading the strand
400
The sugar found in DNA is______. The sugar found in RNA is ______________
Deoxyribose ; Ribose
400
Identify the parts of the nucleotide
1. Phosphate
2. Sugar
3. Nitrogen base
400
What is the function of tRNA?
tRNA reads the message from mRNA, gathers the correct amino acids, and transports them back to the ribosome.
400
The first mRNA codon is called the _____ codon and the last mRNA codon is called the _____ codon.
start-AUG
stop
400
A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait/protein
Gene
400
Why must DNA be replicated into an exact copy?
The DNA must be copied exactly so that the daughter cells get a complete and accurate copy of all genetic material.
500
Name the three components of the nucleotides that compose DNA.
sugar, nitrogen base, and phosphate
SNAP
500
What about DNA, specifically, determines the traits of an organism and what protein is made?
the order of bases
500
The purpose of mRNA is to carry the protein building instructions from __1__ in the ___2_ to the __3__ located in the ___4____.
1. DNA
2.Nucleus
3.Ribosome
4. Cytoplasm
500
What is transcription?
Transcription is the process of forming a strand of RNA from a DNA template.
500
group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon
anticodon
500
Semi-conservative is used to describe DNA because:
Each completed replicated strand contains one of the original strands of DNA and one new strand
600
What are Chargaff's (complementary) base pairing rules?
A-->T
C-->G
600
DNA is _____ stranded; RNA is _____ stranded.
double; single
600
Where does transcription occur?
Nucleus
600
What is the Central Dogma?
Dna is transcribed into RNA which is translated into a protein
600
Bonds that connect amino acids.
peptide bonds
600
What is the function of primase?
Makes RNA primers which tell where replication starts
700
1.Which nitrogen base is found in RNA, but not found in DNA?
2. Which base is found in DNA but not RNA?
1.Uracil
2. Thymine
700
What is this molecule called?
tRNA
700
Transcribe and translate the following DNA strand:
TTCTACTGGCCCACT
AAGAUGACCGGGUGA
MET-THR-GLY-Stop
700
What is the molecule called that is notated with a red 1?
mRNA
700
What is located at #2?
anticodon
700
Ligase joins _____________ on the _____________ strand
okazaki fragments;lagging
800
Why does transcription have to take place? BE THOROUGH IN YOUR ANSWER
Ribosomes, which make proteins, are found in the cytoplasm & rough ER. DNA is found in nucleus and has instructions for making proteins but it can't leave the nucleus so we have to turn it into mRNA first, because mRNA can leave the nucleus.
800
____ are edited out of mRNA after transcription, and ____ are left, which will be expressed
Introns; exons